Chapter 19, Problem 71A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The products are to be identified and balanced equations are to be written for the neutralization reaction.

Concept Introduction : Salt and water are created when bases and acids react.

A strong acid and strong base react completely to form a neutral solution. A neutralization reaction is a name for this kind of reaction.

Answer to Problem 71A

The product formed is potassium nitrate.

The complete balanced equation for the reaction between nitric acid and potassium hydroxide is given as ${\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)\text{+}\text{KOH}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{KNO}}_3\left(s\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ .

Explanation of Solution

For each element participating in the reaction, a chemical equation is balanced if it has an equal atom count on the product and reactant sides.

The acid-base reaction takes place between nitric acid and potassium hydroxide giving potassium nitrate salt and water.

  ${\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)\text{+}\text{KOH}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{KNO}}_3\left(s\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Since the atoms in reactants are equal to the atoms in products, the equation is in balanced form.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The products are to be identified and balanced equations are to be written for the neutralization reaction.

Concept Introduction : Salt and water are created when bases and acids react.

A strong acid and strong base react completely to form a neutral solution. A neutralization reaction is a name for this kind of reaction.

Answer to Problem 71A

The product formed is calcium chloride.

The complete balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide is given as $\text{2HCl}\left(aq\right)\text{+}\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2\left(aq\right)\to {\text{CaCl}}_2\left(s\right)\text{+}2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ .

Explanation of Solution

For each element participating in the reaction, a chemical equation is balanced if it has an equal atom count on the product and reactant sides.

The acid-base reaction takes place between hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide giving calcium chloride salt and water.

  $\text{HCl}\left(aq\right)\text{+}\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2\left(aq\right)\to {\text{CaCl}}_2\left(s\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The completed balanced reaction is given below:

  $\text{2HCl}\left(aq\right)\text{+}\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2\left(aq\right)\to {\text{CaCl}}_2\left(s\right)\text{+}2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The products are to be identified and balanced equations are to be written for the neutralization reaction.

Concept Introduction : Salt and water are created when bases and acids react.

A strong acid and strong base react completely to form a neutral solution. A neutralization reaction is a name for this kind of reaction.

Answer to Problem 71A

The product formed is sodium sulfate.

The complete balanced equation for the reaction between sulfur acid and sodium hydroxide is given as ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)\text{+}2\text{NaOH}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Na}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(s\right)\text{+}2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ .

Explanation of Solution

For each element participating in the reaction, a chemical equation is balanced if it has an equal atom count on the product and reactant sides.

The acid-base reaction takes place between sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide giving sodium sulfate salt and water.

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)\text{+}\text{NaOH}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Na}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(s\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The completed balanced reaction is given below:

  ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)\text{+}2\text{NaOH}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Na}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(s\right)\text{+}2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$