Chapter 19, Problem 53A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The compound should be classified as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base.

Concept Introduction : A new definition and technique of conceptualizing acids and bases were put forth by Arrhenius.

Answer to Problem 53A

The compound $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ is an Arrhenius base.

Explanation of Solution

Acids, according to Arrhenius, are substances that contain hydrogen and ionize to produce hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ in an aqueous solution.

Bases are substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to produce hydroxide ions $\left({\text{OH}}^{-}\right)$ .

The given compound is $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ .

The compound dissociates into calcium ions and hydroxide ions.

  $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{Ca}}^{\text{2+}}{\text{+2OH}}^{-}$

Since the compound produces hydroxide ions on dissociation, it is classified as an Arrhenius base.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The compound should be classified as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base.

Concept Introduction : A new definition and technique of conceptualizing acids and bases were put forth by Arrhenius.

Answer to Problem 53A

The compound ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{COOH}$ is an Arrhenius acid.

Explanation of Solution

Acids, according to Arrhenius, are substances that contain hydrogen and ionize to produce hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ in an aqueous solution.

Bases are substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to produce hydroxide ions $\left({\text{OH}}^{-}\right)$ .

The given compound is ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{COOH}$ .

The compound is dissociated as follows:

  ${\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{COOH}\to {\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}{\text{COO}}^{-}+{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$

Since the compound produces hydrogen ions on dissociation, it is classified as Arrhenius acid.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The compound should be classified as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base.

Concept Introduction : A new definition and technique of conceptualizing acids and bases were put forth by Arrhenius.

Answer to Problem 53A

The compound ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ is an Arrhenius acid.

Explanation of Solution

Acids, according to Arrhenius, are substances that contain hydrogen and ionize to produce hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ in an aqueous solution.

Bases are substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to produce hydroxide ions $\left({\text{OH}}^{-}\right)$ .

The given compound is ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ .

The compound dissociates as follows:

  ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}\to {\text{NO}}_3^{-}+{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$

Since the compound produces hydrogen ions on dissociation, it is classified as Arrhenius acid.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The compound should be classified as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base.

Concept Introduction : A new definition and technique of conceptualizing acids and bases were put forth by Arrhenius.

Answer to Problem 53A

The compound $\text{KOH}$ is an Arrhenius base.

Explanation of Solution

Acids, according to Arrhenius, are substances that contain hydrogen and ionize to produce hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ in an aqueous solution.

Bases are substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to produce hydroxide ions $\left({\text{OH}}^{-}\right)$ .

The given compound is $\text{KOH}$ .

The compound dissociates into potassium ions and hydroxide ions.

  $\text{KOH}\to {\text{K}}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{-}$

Since the compound produces hydroxide ions on dissociation, it is classified as an Arrhenius base.

e.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The compound should be classified as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base.

Concept Introduction : A new definition and technique of conceptualizing acids and bases were put forth by Arrhenius.

Answer to Problem 53A

The compound $\text{HBr}$ is an Arrhenius acid.

Explanation of Solution

Acids, according to Arrhenius, are substances that contain hydrogen and ionize to produce hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ in an aqueous solution.

Bases are substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to produce hydroxide ions $\left({\text{OH}}^{-}\right)$ .

The given compound is $\text{HBr}$ .

The compound dissociates as follows:

  $\text{HBr}\to {\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\text{+}{\text{Br}}^{-}$

Since the compound produces hydrogen ions on dissociation, it is classified as Arrhenius acid.

f.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The compound should be classified as an Arrhenius acid or an Arrhenius base.

Concept Introduction : A new definition and technique of conceptualizing acids and bases were put forth by Arrhenius.

Answer to Problem 53A

The compound ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ is an Arrhenius acid.

Explanation of Solution

Acids, according to Arrhenius, are substances that contain hydrogen and ionize to produce hydrogen ions $\left({\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\right)$ in an aqueous solution.

Bases are substances that ionize in aqueous solutions to produce hydroxide ions $\left({\text{OH}}^{-}\right)$ .

The given compound is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ .

The compound dissociates as follows:

  ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\to {\text{H}}^{\text{+}}{\text{+HSO}}_4^{-}$

Since the compound produces hydrogen ions on dissociation, it is classified as Arrhenius acid.