Chapter 19, Problem 56A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The hydrogen-ion donor (acid) and the hydrogen ion acceptor (base) in the equation are to be identified.

Concept Introduction : The Bronsted-Lowry theory states that an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is an acceptor of hydrogen ions.

Answer to Problem 56A

The hydrogen ion donor is ${\text{HNO}}_3$ , the hydrogen ion acceptor is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ in the ionization reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_3$ with water.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrogen ion that acts as a donor is an acid while a hydrogen ion that acts as an acceptor is a base.

The chemical equation for the ionization of ${\text{HNO}}_3$ in water is given as

  ${\text{HNO}}_3+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\to {\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}^{-}{\text{+H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}$

Here, ${\text{HNO}}_3$ acts as an acid which is a hydrogen donor and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ is a base which is a hydrogen acceptor.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The hydrogen-ion donor (acid) and the hydrogen ion acceptor (base) in the equation are to be identified.

Concept Introduction : The Bronsted-Lowry theory states that an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is an acceptor of hydrogen ions.

Answer to Problem 56A

The hydrogen ion donor is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ , the hydrogen ion acceptor is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ in the ionization reaction of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ with water.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrogen ion that acts as a donor is an acid while a hydrogen ion that acts as an acceptor is a base.

The chemical equation for the ionization of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ in water is given as

   ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O }\rightleftharpoons {\text{ H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}+{\text{CH}}_3{\text{COO}}^{-}$

Here, ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}$ acts as an acid which is a hydrogen donor and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ is a base which is a hydrogen acceptor.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The hydrogen-ion donor (acid) and the hydrogen ion acceptor (base) in the equation are to be identified.

Concept Introduction : The Bronsted-Lowry theory states that an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is an acceptor of hydrogen ions.

Answer to Problem 56A

The hydrogen ion donor is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ , the hydrogen ion acceptor is ${\text{NH}}_3$ in the ionization reaction of ${\text{NH}}_3$ with water.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrogen ion that acts as a donor is an acid while a hydrogen ion that acts as an acceptor is a base.

The chemical equation for the ionization of ${\text{NH}}_3$ in water is given as

  ${\text{NH}}_3+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_4^{+}\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{-}$

Here, ${\text{H}}_2\text{O}$ acts as an acid which is a hydrogen donor and ${\text{NH}}_3$ is a base which is a hydrogen acceptor.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The hydrogen-ion donor (acid) and the hydrogen ion acceptor (base) in the equation are to be identified.

Concept Introduction : The Bronsted-Lowry theory states that an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor and a base is an acceptor of hydrogen ions.

Answer to Problem 56A

The hydrogen ion donor is ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ , the hydrogen ion acceptor is ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}$ in the ionization reaction of ${\text{HNO}}_3$ with water.

Explanation of Solution

A hydrogen ion that acts as a donor is an acid while a hydrogen ion that acts as an acceptor is a base.

The chemical equation for the ionization of ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}$ in water is given as

   ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\rightleftharpoons {\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{COOH}\text{+}{\text{OH}}^{-}$

Here, ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ acts as an acid which is a hydrogen donor and ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{COO}}^{-}$ is a base which is a hydrogen acceptor.