Using the resonance structures of the potential intermediates, the position and the ring in which nitration of 4-bromobiphenyl is expected to occur is to be stated and explained. Concept introduction: In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions halogens are ortho and para directing as they stabilize the carbocation intermediates for these attacks through resonance. However the halogens are highly electronegative and withdraw electrons from the ring through the inductive effect. Hence halogens also deactivate the ring towards electrophiles. Resonance structures differ only in the position of the lone pair of electrons and those present in π bonds. There is no change in the position of atoms in the different forms. Curved arrows are used to represent the shift of the electrons. The actual structure of the compound is a hybrid of all possible forms. The stability of a resonance hybrid depends on the number of stable resonance forms that contribute to the actual structure. To state and explain: Using the resonance structures of the potential intermediates the position and the ring in which nitration of 4-bromobiphenyl is expected to occur.

Question

An essential part of the experimental design process is to select appropriate dependent and independent variables. True False

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 59AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using the resonance structures of the potential intermediates, the position and the ring in which nitration of 4-bromobiphenyl is expected to occur is to be stated and explained.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions halogens are ortho and para directing as they stabilize the carbocation intermediates for these attacks through resonance. However the halogens are highly electronegative and withdraw electrons from the ring through the inductive effect. Hence halogens also deactivate the ring towards electrophiles.

Resonance structures differ only in the position of the lone pair of electrons and those present in π bonds. There is no change in the position of atoms in the different forms. Curved arrows are used to represent the shift of the electrons. The actual structure of the compound is a hybrid of all possible forms. The stability of a resonance hybrid depends on the number of stable resonance forms that contribute to the actual structure.

To state and explain:

Using the resonance structures of the potential intermediates the position and the ring in which nitration of 4-bromobiphenyl is expected to occur.

Expert Solution & Answer

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Students have asked these similar questions

An essential part of the experimental design process is to select appropriate dependent and independent variables. True False

10.00 g of Compound X with molecular formula C₂Hg are burned in a constant-pressure calorimeter containing 40.00 kg of water at 25 °C. The temperature of the water is observed to rise by 2.604 °C. (You may assume all the heat released by the reaction is absorbed by the water, and none by the calorimeter itself.) Calculate the standard heat of formation of Compound X at 25 °C. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to the correct number of significant digits.

need help not sure what am doing wrong step by step please answer is 971A During the lecture, we calculated the Debye length at physiological salt concentrations and temperature, i.e. at an ionic strength of 150 mM (i.e. 0.150 mol/l) and a temperature of T=310 K. We predicted that electrostatic interactions are effectively screened beyond distances of 8.1 Å in solutions with a physiological salt concentration. What is the Debye length in a sample of distilled water with an ionic strength of 10.0 µM (i.e. 1.00 * 10-5 mol/l)? Assume room temperature, i.e. T= 298 K, and provide your answer as a numerical expression with 3 significant figures in Å (1 Å = 10-10 m).