Given that phenylboronic acid upon nitration gives 15% orthosubstitution product and 85% meta product. The meta directing effect of the –B(OH) 2 group is to be explained. Concept introduction: The substituents attached to the ring have a strong influence on the incoming electrophile. Electron releasing substituent groups, except halogens, activate the ring and direct the incoming electrophile to the o- and p- positions. Halogens are o- and p- directors but they deactivate the ring. Electron withdrawing substituent groups deactivate the ring and direct the incoming electrophile to the m- position. Boron compounds are usually electron acceptors as in these compounds boron is electron deficient. To explain: The meta directing effect of the –B(OH) 2 group as upon nitrating phenylboronic acid 15% orthosubstitution product and 85% meta product are obtained.

Question

5. Which of the following equations shows that isoquinoline, C9H;N, behaves as a Bronsted-Lowry base in water? a) CóH;N(aq) + H2O(1) = b) CH;N(aq) + H2O(1) c) C9H;N(aq) + OH¯(aq) = d) CoH;N(aq) + H;O*(aq) e) CoH;NH*(aq) + H2O(!) C9H;NH*(aq) + OH (aq) = C9H&N°(aq) + H;O*(aq) C9HN¯(aq) + H;O(!) = C9H;NH*(aq) + H2O(1) = C9H;N(aq) + H;O*(aq)

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16.SE, Problem 66AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Given that phenylboronic acid upon nitration gives 15% orthosubstitution product and 85% meta product. The meta directing effect of the –B(OH)₂ group is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The substituents attached to the ring have a strong influence on the incoming electrophile. Electron releasing substituent groups, except halogens, activate the ring and direct the incoming electrophile to the o- and p- positions. Halogens are o- and p- directors but they deactivate the ring. Electron withdrawing substituent groups deactivate the ring and direct the incoming electrophile to the m- position. Boron compounds are usually electron acceptors as in these compounds boron is electron deficient.

To explain:

The meta directing effect of the –B(OH)₂ group as upon nitrating phenylboronic acid 15% orthosubstitution product and 85% meta product are obtained.

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