a) m-Chloronitrobenzene. Interpretation: How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown. Concept introduction: In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions the nitro group is meta directing. Since a meta chloronitrobenzene is to be synthesized, benzene is first nitrated and the nitrobenzene obtained is then chlorinated. To show: How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.

Question

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets limits on healthful levels of air pollutants. The maximum level that the EPA considers safe for lead air pollution is 1.5 μg/m³ Part A If your lungs were filled with air containing this level of lead, how many lead atoms would be in your lungs? (Assume a total lung volume of 5.40 L.) ΜΕ ΑΣΦ = 2.35 1013 ? atoms ! Check your rounding. Your final answer should be rounded to 2 significant figures in the last step. No credit lost. Try again.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16.10, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

a) m-Chloronitrobenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions the nitro group is meta directing. Since a meta chloronitrobenzene is to be synthesized, benzene is first nitrated and the nitrobenzene obtained is then chlorinated.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

b) m-Chloroethylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a meta halogen substituted alkyl benzene is to be synthesized benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to get the desired product.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 4-Chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a propyl benzene with a nitro group in the ortho position and a Cl at meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield a m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to a m-chloroalkyl benzene. Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing. Hence by nitrating the m-chloroalkyl benzene the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

d) 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A benzenesulfonic acid with a methyl group in the ortho position and a Br at the meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into toluene by Friedal-Crafts alkylation. The toluene upon sulfonation will yield a methyl sulfonic acid. By brominating the methylsulfonic acid the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene.

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The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sets limits on healthful levels of air pollutants. The maximum level that the EPA considers safe for lead air pollution is 1.5 μg/m³ Part A If your lungs were filled with air containing this level of lead, how many lead atoms would be in your lungs? (Assume a total lung volume of 5.40 L.) ΜΕ ΑΣΦ = 2.35 1013 ? atoms ! Check your rounding. Your final answer should be rounded to 2 significant figures in the last step. No credit lost. Try again.

Y= - 0.039 (14.01) + 0.7949

Suppose 1.76 g of magnesium acetate (Mg (CH3CO2)2) are dissolved in 140. mL of water. Find the composition of the resulting electrolyte solution. In particular, list the chemical symbols (including any charge) of each dissolved ion in the table below. List only one ion per row. mEq Then, calculate the concentration of each ion in dwrite the concentration in the second column of each row. Be sure you round your answers to the L correct number of significant digits. ion Add Row mEq L x 5

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16.10, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

a) m-Chloronitrobenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions the nitro group is meta directing. Since a meta chloronitrobenzene is to be synthesized, benzene is first nitrated and the nitrobenzene obtained is then chlorinated.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

b) m-Chloroethylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a meta halogen substituted alkyl benzene is to be synthesized benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to get the desired product.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 4-Chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a propyl benzene with a nitro group in the ortho position and a Cl at meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield a m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to a m-chloroalkyl benzene. Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing. Hence by nitrating the m-chloroalkyl benzene the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

d) 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A benzenesulfonic acid with a methyl group in the ortho position and a Br at the meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into toluene by Friedal-Crafts alkylation. The toluene upon sulfonation will yield a methyl sulfonic acid. By brominating the methylsulfonic acid the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16.10, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

a) m-Chloronitrobenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions the nitro group is meta directing. Since a meta chloronitrobenzene is to be synthesized, benzene is first nitrated and the nitrobenzene obtained is then chlorinated.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

b) m-Chloroethylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a meta halogen substituted alkyl benzene is to be synthesized benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to get the desired product.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 4-Chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a propyl benzene with a nitro group in the ortho position and a Cl at meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield a m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to a m-chloroalkyl benzene. Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing. Hence by nitrating the m-chloroalkyl benzene the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

d) 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A benzenesulfonic acid with a methyl group in the ortho position and a Br at the meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into toluene by Friedal-Crafts alkylation. The toluene upon sulfonation will yield a methyl sulfonic acid. By brominating the methylsulfonic acid the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16.10, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

a) m-Chloronitrobenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions the nitro group is meta directing. Since a meta chloronitrobenzene is to be synthesized, benzene is first nitrated and the nitrobenzene obtained is then chlorinated.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

b) m-Chloroethylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a meta halogen substituted alkyl benzene is to be synthesized benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to get the desired product.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 4-Chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a propyl benzene with a nitro group in the ortho position and a Cl at meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield a m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to a m-chloroalkyl benzene. Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing. Hence by nitrating the m-chloroalkyl benzene the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

d) 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A benzenesulfonic acid with a methyl group in the ortho position and a Br at the meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into toluene by Friedal-Crafts alkylation. The toluene upon sulfonation will yield a methyl sulfonic acid. By brominating the methylsulfonic acid the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16.10, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

a) m-Chloronitrobenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions the nitro group is meta directing. Since a meta chloronitrobenzene is to be synthesized, benzene is first nitrated and the nitrobenzene obtained is then chlorinated.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

b) m-Chloroethylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a meta halogen substituted alkyl benzene is to be synthesized benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to get the desired product.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 4-Chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a propyl benzene with a nitro group in the ortho position and a Cl at meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield a m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to a m-chloroalkyl benzene. Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing. Hence by nitrating the m-chloroalkyl benzene the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene.

Interpretation Introduction

d) 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A benzenesulfonic acid with a methyl group in the ortho position and a Br at the meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into toluene by Friedal-Crafts alkylation. The toluene upon sulfonation will yield a methyl sulfonic acid. By brominating the methylsulfonic acid the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene.

Answer 6

Chapter 16.10, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

a) m-Chloronitrobenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions the nitro group is meta directing. Since a meta chloronitrobenzene is to be synthesized, benzene is first nitrated and the nitrobenzene obtained is then chlorinated.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.

Answer 7

Chapter 16.10, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

a) m-Chloronitrobenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

In aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions the nitro group is meta directing. Since a meta chloronitrobenzene is to be synthesized, benzene is first nitrated and the nitrobenzene obtained is then chlorinated.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b) m-Chloroethylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a meta halogen substituted alkyl benzene is to be synthesized benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to get the desired product.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b) m-Chloroethylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a meta halogen substituted alkyl benzene is to be synthesized benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to get the desired product.

To show:

How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c) 4-Chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a propyl benzene with a nitro group in the ortho position and a Cl at meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield a m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to a m-chloroalkyl benzene. Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing. Hence by nitrating the m-chloroalkyl benzene the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c) 4-Chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Since a propyl benzene with a nitro group in the ortho position and a Cl at meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield a m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to a m-chloroalkyl benzene. Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing. Hence by nitrating the m-chloroalkyl benzene the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d) 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A benzenesulfonic acid with a methyl group in the ortho position and a Br at the meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into toluene by Friedal-Crafts alkylation. The toluene upon sulfonation will yield a methyl sulfonic acid. By brominating the methylsulfonic acid the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d) 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid.

Interpretation:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

A benzenesulfonic acid with a methyl group in the ortho position and a Br at the meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into toluene by Friedal-Crafts alkylation. The toluene upon sulfonation will yield a methyl sulfonic acid. By brominating the methylsulfonic acid the desired product can be synthesized.

To show:

How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene.

Answer 14

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Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 16.2 - Propose a mechanism for the electrophilic...Ch. 16.2 - How many products might be formed on chlorination...Ch. 16.2 - When benzene is treated with D2SÅª4. deuterium...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16.3 - What is the major monosubstitution product from...Ch. 16.3 - Identify the carboxylic acid chloride that might...Ch. 16.4 - Rank the compounds in each of the following groups...Ch. 16.4 - Predict the major products of the following...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 10P

Chapter 16 Solutions