Chapter 13.13, Problem 13.28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of three products formed fromthe reaction of toluene with ${\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{FeCl}}_{\text{3}}$ and their IUPAC name should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The electrophilic substitution reactions are the most common reactions of aromatic compounds. It involves the substitution of one of the H atom of aromatic ring with electrophile. It leads to the formation of arenium ion as an intermediate which immediately loses hydrogen ion to form the substituted product.

These reactions occur in the presence of certain catalyst like ${\text{FeCl}}_{\text{3}}$ for halogenation, ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ for nitration, ${\mathrm{AlCl}}_3$ for alkylation and acylation. These catalysts are involved in the formation of electrophile which further reacts with benzene ring to form a substituted product.