(a) Interpretation: The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans. Concept introduction: Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Question

Complete the following table. The only density needed is already given. Show your calculations in a neat and easy-to-follow manner in the space below the table. All units should be included and significant figures should be given close attention. Be sure to notice that the amount of material should be in millimoles rather than moles, and the theoretical mass of the product should in milligrams rather than grams. LOCH 3 + H2SO4 HNO 3 O=C-OCH 3 NO2 x H₂O F.W. 4.0 mL 1.3 M amount 0.50 mL in H2SO4 mg Theoretical Theoretical mmoles density 1.09

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

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Complete the following table. The only density needed is already given. Show your calculations in a neat and easy-to-follow manner in the space below the table. All units should be included and significant figures should be given close attention. Be sure to notice that the amount of material should be in millimoles rather than moles, and the theoretical mass of the product should in milligrams rather than grams. LOCH 3 + H2SO4 HNO 3 O=C-OCH 3 NO2 x H₂O F.W. 4.0 mL 1.3 M amount 0.50 mL in H2SO4 mg Theoretical Theoretical mmoles density 1.09

Kumada Coupling: 1. m-Diisobutylbenzene below could hypothetically be synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction. Write out the reaction with a mechanism and give two reasons why you would NOT get the desired product. Draw the reaction (NOT a mechanism) for a Kumada coupling to produce the molecule above from m-dichlorobenzene. Calculate the theoretical yield for the reaction in question 2 using 1.5 g of p-dichlorobenzene and 3.0 mL isobutyl bromide. What signals appeared/disappeared/shifted that indicate that you have your intended product and not starting material? What other impurities are present in your product and how do you know?

Wintergreen from Aspirin: 1. In isolating the salicylic acid, why is it important to press out as much of the water as possible? 2. Write the mechanism of the esterification reaction you did. 3. What characteristic absorption band changes would you expect in the IR spectrum on going from aspirin to salicyclic acid and then to methyl salicylate as you did in the experiment today? Give approximate wavenumbers associated with each functional group change. What signals appeared/disappeared/shifted that indicate that you have your intended product and not starting material? What other impurities are present in your product and how do you know?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 6

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 7

Chapter 13.3, Problem 13.13P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of stereoisomer of A should be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether A is stereoisomer or constitutional isomer of linoleic acid should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Isomers have same chemical formula and different structural formulas. Therefore, they have different properties. Because they have different, spatial or different structures arrangements. Constitutional isomers form by changing the connectivity of atoms. Stereoisomers have different three-dimensional arrangement. Enantiomers and Diastereomers are included into stereoisomers.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 13.1 - Convert each condensed structure to a complete...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 13.2P Ch. 13.1 - Complete the structure of zingiberene, a component...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.4P Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.5P Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13.6P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.7P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.8P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.9P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 13.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Chapter 13 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the double bonds of conjugated linoleic acid (A) should be labeled as cis or trans.

(c) Interpretation: Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined. Concept introduction: The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.

Chapter 13 Solutions

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the stereoisomer have high or low melting point than A should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which solid state changes to liquid state. At melting point, the solid and liquid phase exists in equilibrium.