(a) Interpretation: Structure of the molecule B should be converted to a condensed structure and IUPAC name of the molecule should be given. = ( C 10 H 20 ) Concept Introduction: Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of C n H 2 n .Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space. In alkene nomenclature longest C chain will be considered as the parent/ main C chain. At the end of the alkane suffix -ene is added. Longest chain which includes the carbon-carbon double bond will considered as the main carbon chain. Numbering of the main C chain is starting from the first substituent by giving the lower number to that substituent and as well as the double bond should get the lower number. All the substituents should be numbered and named. Two or more identical substituents should be indicated by using appropriate prefixes as di-. Names of the substituents should be alphabetized. Each substituent should have a position number which is mentioned in the main C chain.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Structure of the molecule B should be converted to a condensed structure and IUPAC name of the molecule should be given.

= ( C10H20 )

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n .Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

In alkene nomenclature longest C chain will be considered as the parent/ main C chain. At the end of the alkane suffix -ene is added. Longest chain which includes the carbon-carbon double bond will considered as the main carbon chain. Numbering of the main C chain is starting from the first substituent by giving the lower number to that substituent and as well as the double bond should get the lower number. All the substituents should be numbered and named. Two or more identical substituents should be indicated by using appropriate prefixes as di-. Names of the substituents should be alphabetized. Each substituent should have a position number which is mentioned in the main C chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 2

IUPAC name −Decene

Explanation of Solution

In alkenes there is a carbon-carbon double bond and different groups are connected to the two carbons. In most of the alkenes; out of four binding positions of carbon-carbon double bond, two of them are binds with two hydrogen atoms and other two binding positions are binds with two different alkyl groups.In this molecule, carbon atoms are represented in black and hydrogen atoms are represented in white color.Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 3

In this molecule, main carbon chain which contains the carbon-carbon double bond is a ten membered chain and there are no substituents in this molecule. According to the numbering of the main chain double bond gets the lowest number and it is number 1.Hence, IUPAC name of the molecule is decene.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2 in the presence of Pd.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules which do not have any functional group.

Reaction of alkene with H2 in the presence of Pd will form saturated alkanes and the reaction is called as hydrogenation reaction.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 )alkene molecule react with H2 in the presence of Pd and form saturated alkanes. Bond between two H in the H2 , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−H are formed in the presence of Pd metallic catalyst, which reduce the activation energy of the reaction. Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 ↓H2/PdCH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2O and H2SO4.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alcohols are the hydrocarbon molecules which contains OH group in the molecule.

Reaction of alkene with H2O and H2SO4 will form saturated alcohols and the reaction is called as hydration reaction.

Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CHOH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 ) alkene molecule react with H2O and H2SO4 , form alcohols. One bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the H2O , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−OH and C−H are formed. Hydrogenation occurs only in the presence of a strong acid such as H2SO4 . Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When addition of H2O molecule to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category, hence; Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3→H2SO4/H2OCH3−CHOH−(CH2)7−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The resulting polymer should be identified after polymerization of C10H20.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that contain a carbon-carbon double bond inside a molecule.

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 4

Explanation of Solution

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules. When forming polymers from alkene monomers, the weak bond which is in the carbon-carbon double bond is broken and new strong bond will form to connect the monomer molecules together. Hence; weak bond of the carbon-carbon double bond of CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3 will break and new strong bond will form to create polydecane. 'n' number of monomers will together make polydecane polymer with 'n' number of decenemonomers. Refer to the below diagram;

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 5

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Structure of the molecule B should be converted to a condensed structure and IUPAC name of the molecule should be given.

= ( C10H20 )

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n .Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

In alkene nomenclature longest C chain will be considered as the parent/ main C chain. At the end of the alkane suffix -ene is added. Longest chain which includes the carbon-carbon double bond will considered as the main carbon chain. Numbering of the main C chain is starting from the first substituent by giving the lower number to that substituent and as well as the double bond should get the lower number. All the substituents should be numbered and named. Two or more identical substituents should be indicated by using appropriate prefixes as di-. Names of the substituents should be alphabetized. Each substituent should have a position number which is mentioned in the main C chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 2

IUPAC name −Decene

Explanation of Solution

In alkenes there is a carbon-carbon double bond and different groups are connected to the two carbons. In most of the alkenes; out of four binding positions of carbon-carbon double bond, two of them are binds with two hydrogen atoms and other two binding positions are binds with two different alkyl groups.In this molecule, carbon atoms are represented in black and hydrogen atoms are represented in white color.Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 3

In this molecule, main carbon chain which contains the carbon-carbon double bond is a ten membered chain and there are no substituents in this molecule. According to the numbering of the main chain double bond gets the lowest number and it is number 1.Hence, IUPAC name of the molecule is decene.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2 in the presence of Pd.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules which do not have any functional group.

Reaction of alkene with H2 in the presence of Pd will form saturated alkanes and the reaction is called as hydrogenation reaction.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 )alkene molecule react with H2 in the presence of Pd and form saturated alkanes. Bond between two H in the H2 , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−H are formed in the presence of Pd metallic catalyst, which reduce the activation energy of the reaction. Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 ↓H2/PdCH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2O and H2SO4.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alcohols are the hydrocarbon molecules which contains OH group in the molecule.

Reaction of alkene with H2O and H2SO4 will form saturated alcohols and the reaction is called as hydration reaction.

Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CHOH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 ) alkene molecule react with H2O and H2SO4 , form alcohols. One bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the H2O , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−OH and C−H are formed. Hydrogenation occurs only in the presence of a strong acid such as H2SO4 . Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When addition of H2O molecule to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category, hence; Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3→H2SO4/H2OCH3−CHOH−(CH2)7−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The resulting polymer should be identified after polymerization of C10H20.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that contain a carbon-carbon double bond inside a molecule.

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 4

Explanation of Solution

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules. When forming polymers from alkene monomers, the weak bond which is in the carbon-carbon double bond is broken and new strong bond will form to connect the monomer molecules together. Hence; weak bond of the carbon-carbon double bond of CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3 will break and new strong bond will form to create polydecane. 'n' number of monomers will together make polydecane polymer with 'n' number of decenemonomers. Refer to the below diagram;

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 5

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Structure of the molecule B should be converted to a condensed structure and IUPAC name of the molecule should be given.

= ( C10H20 )

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n .Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

In alkene nomenclature longest C chain will be considered as the parent/ main C chain. At the end of the alkane suffix -ene is added. Longest chain which includes the carbon-carbon double bond will considered as the main carbon chain. Numbering of the main C chain is starting from the first substituent by giving the lower number to that substituent and as well as the double bond should get the lower number. All the substituents should be numbered and named. Two or more identical substituents should be indicated by using appropriate prefixes as di-. Names of the substituents should be alphabetized. Each substituent should have a position number which is mentioned in the main C chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 2

IUPAC name −Decene

Explanation of Solution

In alkenes there is a carbon-carbon double bond and different groups are connected to the two carbons. In most of the alkenes; out of four binding positions of carbon-carbon double bond, two of them are binds with two hydrogen atoms and other two binding positions are binds with two different alkyl groups.In this molecule, carbon atoms are represented in black and hydrogen atoms are represented in white color.Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 3

In this molecule, main carbon chain which contains the carbon-carbon double bond is a ten membered chain and there are no substituents in this molecule. According to the numbering of the main chain double bond gets the lowest number and it is number 1.Hence, IUPAC name of the molecule is decene.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2 in the presence of Pd.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules which do not have any functional group.

Reaction of alkene with H2 in the presence of Pd will form saturated alkanes and the reaction is called as hydrogenation reaction.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 )alkene molecule react with H2 in the presence of Pd and form saturated alkanes. Bond between two H in the H2 , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−H are formed in the presence of Pd metallic catalyst, which reduce the activation energy of the reaction. Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 ↓H2/PdCH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2O and H2SO4.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alcohols are the hydrocarbon molecules which contains OH group in the molecule.

Reaction of alkene with H2O and H2SO4 will form saturated alcohols and the reaction is called as hydration reaction.

Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CHOH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 ) alkene molecule react with H2O and H2SO4 , form alcohols. One bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the H2O , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−OH and C−H are formed. Hydrogenation occurs only in the presence of a strong acid such as H2SO4 . Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When addition of H2O molecule to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category, hence; Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3→H2SO4/H2OCH3−CHOH−(CH2)7−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The resulting polymer should be identified after polymerization of C10H20.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that contain a carbon-carbon double bond inside a molecule.

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 4

Explanation of Solution

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules. When forming polymers from alkene monomers, the weak bond which is in the carbon-carbon double bond is broken and new strong bond will form to connect the monomer molecules together. Hence; weak bond of the carbon-carbon double bond of CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3 will break and new strong bond will form to create polydecane. 'n' number of monomers will together make polydecane polymer with 'n' number of decenemonomers. Refer to the below diagram;

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 5

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Structure of the molecule B should be converted to a condensed structure and IUPAC name of the molecule should be given.

= ( C10H20 )

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n .Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

In alkene nomenclature longest C chain will be considered as the parent/ main C chain. At the end of the alkane suffix -ene is added. Longest chain which includes the carbon-carbon double bond will considered as the main carbon chain. Numbering of the main C chain is starting from the first substituent by giving the lower number to that substituent and as well as the double bond should get the lower number. All the substituents should be numbered and named. Two or more identical substituents should be indicated by using appropriate prefixes as di-. Names of the substituents should be alphabetized. Each substituent should have a position number which is mentioned in the main C chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 2

IUPAC name −Decene

Explanation of Solution

In alkenes there is a carbon-carbon double bond and different groups are connected to the two carbons. In most of the alkenes; out of four binding positions of carbon-carbon double bond, two of them are binds with two hydrogen atoms and other two binding positions are binds with two different alkyl groups.In this molecule, carbon atoms are represented in black and hydrogen atoms are represented in white color.Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 3

In this molecule, main carbon chain which contains the carbon-carbon double bond is a ten membered chain and there are no substituents in this molecule. According to the numbering of the main chain double bond gets the lowest number and it is number 1.Hence, IUPAC name of the molecule is decene.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2 in the presence of Pd.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules which do not have any functional group.

Reaction of alkene with H2 in the presence of Pd will form saturated alkanes and the reaction is called as hydrogenation reaction.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 )alkene molecule react with H2 in the presence of Pd and form saturated alkanes. Bond between two H in the H2 , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−H are formed in the presence of Pd metallic catalyst, which reduce the activation energy of the reaction. Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 ↓H2/PdCH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2O and H2SO4.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alcohols are the hydrocarbon molecules which contains OH group in the molecule.

Reaction of alkene with H2O and H2SO4 will form saturated alcohols and the reaction is called as hydration reaction.

Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CHOH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 ) alkene molecule react with H2O and H2SO4 , form alcohols. One bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the H2O , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−OH and C−H are formed. Hydrogenation occurs only in the presence of a strong acid such as H2SO4 . Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When addition of H2O molecule to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category, hence; Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3→H2SO4/H2OCH3−CHOH−(CH2)7−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The resulting polymer should be identified after polymerization of C10H20.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that contain a carbon-carbon double bond inside a molecule.

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 4

Explanation of Solution

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules. When forming polymers from alkene monomers, the weak bond which is in the carbon-carbon double bond is broken and new strong bond will form to connect the monomer molecules together. Hence; weak bond of the carbon-carbon double bond of CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3 will break and new strong bond will form to create polydecane. 'n' number of monomers will together make polydecane polymer with 'n' number of decenemonomers. Refer to the below diagram;

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 5

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Structure of the molecule B should be converted to a condensed structure and IUPAC name of the molecule should be given.

= ( C10H20 )

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n .Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

In alkene nomenclature longest C chain will be considered as the parent/ main C chain. At the end of the alkane suffix -ene is added. Longest chain which includes the carbon-carbon double bond will considered as the main carbon chain. Numbering of the main C chain is starting from the first substituent by giving the lower number to that substituent and as well as the double bond should get the lower number. All the substituents should be numbered and named. Two or more identical substituents should be indicated by using appropriate prefixes as di-. Names of the substituents should be alphabetized. Each substituent should have a position number which is mentioned in the main C chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 2

IUPAC name −Decene

Explanation of Solution

In alkenes there is a carbon-carbon double bond and different groups are connected to the two carbons. In most of the alkenes; out of four binding positions of carbon-carbon double bond, two of them are binds with two hydrogen atoms and other two binding positions are binds with two different alkyl groups.In this molecule, carbon atoms are represented in black and hydrogen atoms are represented in white color.Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 3

In this molecule, main carbon chain which contains the carbon-carbon double bond is a ten membered chain and there are no substituents in this molecule. According to the numbering of the main chain double bond gets the lowest number and it is number 1.Hence, IUPAC name of the molecule is decene.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2 in the presence of Pd.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules which do not have any functional group.

Reaction of alkene with H2 in the presence of Pd will form saturated alkanes and the reaction is called as hydrogenation reaction.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 )alkene molecule react with H2 in the presence of Pd and form saturated alkanes. Bond between two H in the H2 , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−H are formed in the presence of Pd metallic catalyst, which reduce the activation energy of the reaction. Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 ↓H2/PdCH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2O and H2SO4.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alcohols are the hydrocarbon molecules which contains OH group in the molecule.

Reaction of alkene with H2O and H2SO4 will form saturated alcohols and the reaction is called as hydration reaction.

Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CHOH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 ) alkene molecule react with H2O and H2SO4 , form alcohols. One bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the H2O , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−OH and C−H are formed. Hydrogenation occurs only in the presence of a strong acid such as H2SO4 . Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When addition of H2O molecule to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category, hence; Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3→H2SO4/H2OCH3−CHOH−(CH2)7−CH3

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The resulting polymer should be identified after polymerization of C10H20.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that contain a carbon-carbon double bond inside a molecule.

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 4

Explanation of Solution

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules. When forming polymers from alkene monomers, the weak bond which is in the carbon-carbon double bond is broken and new strong bond will form to connect the monomer molecules together. Hence; weak bond of the carbon-carbon double bond of CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3 will break and new strong bond will form to create polydecane. 'n' number of monomers will together make polydecane polymer with 'n' number of decenemonomers. Refer to the below diagram;

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 5

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Structure of the molecule B should be converted to a condensed structure and IUPAC name of the molecule should be given.

= ( C10H20 )

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n .Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

In alkene nomenclature longest C chain will be considered as the parent/ main C chain. At the end of the alkane suffix -ene is added. Longest chain which includes the carbon-carbon double bond will considered as the main carbon chain. Numbering of the main C chain is starting from the first substituent by giving the lower number to that substituent and as well as the double bond should get the lower number. All the substituents should be numbered and named. Two or more identical substituents should be indicated by using appropriate prefixes as di-. Names of the substituents should be alphabetized. Each substituent should have a position number which is mentioned in the main C chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 2

IUPAC name −Decene

Explanation of Solution

In alkenes there is a carbon-carbon double bond and different groups are connected to the two carbons. In most of the alkenes; out of four binding positions of carbon-carbon double bond, two of them are binds with two hydrogen atoms and other two binding positions are binds with two different alkyl groups.In this molecule, carbon atoms are represented in black and hydrogen atoms are represented in white color.Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 3

In this molecule, main carbon chain which contains the carbon-carbon double bond is a ten membered chain and there are no substituents in this molecule. According to the numbering of the main chain double bond gets the lowest number and it is number 1.Hence, IUPAC name of the molecule is decene.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Structure of the molecule B should be converted to a condensed structure and IUPAC name of the molecule should be given.

= ( C10H20 )

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n .Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

In alkene nomenclature longest C chain will be considered as the parent/ main C chain. At the end of the alkane suffix -ene is added. Longest chain which includes the carbon-carbon double bond will considered as the main carbon chain. Numbering of the main C chain is starting from the first substituent by giving the lower number to that substituent and as well as the double bond should get the lower number. All the substituents should be numbered and named. Two or more identical substituents should be indicated by using appropriate prefixes as di-. Names of the substituents should be alphabetized. Each substituent should have a position number which is mentioned in the main C chain.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 2

IUPAC name −Decene

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

In alkenes there is a carbon-carbon double bond and different groups are connected to the two carbons. In most of the alkenes; out of four binding positions of carbon-carbon double bond, two of them are binds with two hydrogen atoms and other two binding positions are binds with two different alkyl groups.In this molecule, carbon atoms are represented in black and hydrogen atoms are represented in white color.Structure of a chemical compound is the arrangement of atoms and bonds in the space.

Condensed structure -

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 3

In this molecule, main carbon chain which contains the carbon-carbon double bond is a ten membered chain and there are no substituents in this molecule. According to the numbering of the main chain double bond gets the lowest number and it is number 1.Hence, IUPAC name of the molecule is decene.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2 in the presence of Pd.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules which do not have any functional group.

Reaction of alkene with H2 in the presence of Pd will form saturated alkanes and the reaction is called as hydrogenation reaction.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 )alkene molecule react with H2 in the presence of Pd and form saturated alkanes. Bond between two H in the H2 , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−H are formed in the presence of Pd metallic catalyst, which reduce the activation energy of the reaction. Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 ↓H2/PdCH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2 in the presence of Pd.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alkanes are hydrocarbon molecules which do not have any functional group.

Reaction of alkene with H2 in the presence of Pd will form saturated alkanes and the reaction is called as hydrogenation reaction.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 )alkene molecule react with H2 in the presence of Pd and form saturated alkanes. Bond between two H in the H2 , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−H are formed in the presence of Pd metallic catalyst, which reduce the activation energy of the reaction. Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3 ↓H2/PdCH3−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2O and H2SO4.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alcohols are the hydrocarbon molecules which contains OH group in the molecule.

Reaction of alkene with H2O and H2SO4 will form saturated alcohols and the reaction is called as hydration reaction.

Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CHOH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 ) alkene molecule react with H2O and H2SO4 , form alcohols. One bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the H2O , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−OH and C−H are formed. Hydrogenation occurs only in the presence of a strong acid such as H2SO4 . Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When addition of H2O molecule to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category, hence; Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3→H2SO4/H2OCH3−CHOH−(CH2)7−CH3

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The resulting product should be identified after reacting C10H20 with H2O and H2SO4.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that consist a carbon-carbon double bond which has the general formula of CnH2n . Alcohols are the hydrocarbon molecules which contains OH group in the molecule.

Reaction of alkene with H2O and H2SO4 will form saturated alcohols and the reaction is called as hydration reaction.

Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

CH3−CHOH−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH2−CH3

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

Unsaturated ( C10H20 ) alkene molecule react with H2O and H2SO4 , form alcohols. One bond between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom in the H2O , is broken and also a one bond between two carbon-carbon bond is broken, meanwhile new two bonds of C−OH and C−H are formed. Hydrogenation occurs only in the presence of a strong acid such as H2SO4 . Hydration reaction of alkenes follows the Markovnikov's rule. When addition of H2O molecule to an unsymmetrical alkene, H atom binds to the less substituted carbon atom is known as Markovnikov's rule. This molecule also falls into the unsymmetrical alkene category, hence; Markovnikov's rule is applied to this molecule.

Refer to the below reaction;

CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3→H2SO4/H2OCH3−CHOH−(CH2)7−CH3

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The resulting polymer should be identified after polymerization of C10H20.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that contain a carbon-carbon double bond inside a molecule.

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 4

Explanation of Solution

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules. When forming polymers from alkene monomers, the weak bond which is in the carbon-carbon double bond is broken and new strong bond will form to connect the monomer molecules together. Hence; weak bond of the carbon-carbon double bond of CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3 will break and new strong bond will form to create polydecane. 'n' number of monomers will together make polydecane polymer with 'n' number of decenemonomers. Refer to the below diagram;

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 5

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The resulting polymer should be identified after polymerization of C10H20.

Concept Introduction:

Alkenes are hydrocarbon molecules that contain a carbon-carbon double bond inside a molecule.

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 13.104P

General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.104P , additional homework tip 4

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

Polymers are high molecular weight macromolecules which formed from covalently bonded monomer molecules. When forming polymers from alkene monomers, the weak bond which is in the carbon-carbon double bond is broken and new strong bond will form to connect the monomer molecules together. Hence; weak bond of the carbon-carbon double bond of CH2=CH−(CH2)7−CH3 will break and new strong bond will form to create polydecane. 'n' number of monomers will together make polydecane polymer with 'n' number of decenemonomers. Refer to the below diagram;