(a)
Interpretation:
The given members in the pair of hydrocarbons are constitutional isomers or stereoisomers or not isomers has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same
For constitutional isomers to be present in cycloalkane, a minimum of four carbon atoms has to be present.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given members in the pair of hydrocarbons are constitutional isomers or stereoisomers or not isomers has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
For constitutional isomers to be present in cycloalkane, a minimum of four carbon atoms has to be present.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given members in the pair of hydrocarbons are constitutional isomers or stereoisomers or not isomers has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
For constitutional isomers to be present in cycloalkane, a minimum of four carbon atoms has to be present.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given members in the pair of hydrocarbons are constitutional isomers or stereoisomers or not isomers has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Isomers are the compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. The main difference lies in the way the atoms are arranged in the structure. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties even when they have same molecular formula. This is known as Isomerism.
If there is difference only in the connectivity of the atoms in the molecule, then it is known as constitutional isomerism. The isomers are known as constitutional isomers. They will have same molecular formula and same functional group, but they differ in the connectivity between the atoms in the molecule.
For constitutional isomers to be present in cycloalkane, a minimum of four carbon atoms has to be present.
Cycloalkanes can also exhibit stereoisomerism. The difference between constitutional isomerism and stereoisomerism is that, the result of difference in connectivity of carbon atoms is known as constitutional isomerism and the result of differences in configuration is known as stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that possess same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but different orientations of atoms in space. Cis isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present above or below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms. Trans isomers are the one where the two substituted groups on different carbon atom are present one above and one below the plane or the ring of carbon atoms.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 1 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.arrow_forwardDistinguish precisely, and in scientific terms, the differences among items in each of the following pairs or groups. a Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry b Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons c Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes d Normal alkane, branched alkane e Cis and trans isomers f Structural formula, condensed line formula, molecular formula g Addition reaction, substitution reaction h Alkane, alkyl group i Monomer, polymer j Aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon k Ortho-, meta-, para l Alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid m Hydroxyl group, carbonyl group, carboxyl group n Primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols o Alcohol, ether p Aldehyde, ketone q Carboxylic acid, ester r Carboxylic acid, amide s Amine, amide t Primary, secondary, tertiary amine u Chain-growth polymer, step-growth polymerarrow_forward1. Which of the following families of organic compounds share the same general molecular formula with normal chain alkynes? a. Alkanes and alkenes b. Alkanes and bicycloalkanes c. Cycloalkenes and bicycloalkanes d. Cycloalkenes and alkenes e. Cycloalkanes and cycloalkenesarrow_forward
- Identify the two compounds that display stereoisomerism and draw their structures. a. 3-methyl-3-pentanol b. 2-methyl-2-pentanol c. 3-methyl-2-pentanol d. 2-methyl-3-pentanol e. 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanolarrow_forwardHexane and cyclohexane are examples of two molecules that are. A . Constitutional Isomers B. cis - trans isomers C. identical D. enanitiomers E . Unrelated with different formulasarrow_forwardWhat are the structures for the following hydrocarbons?arrow_forward
- This is no multiple questions please answer only draw structure allarrow_forwardWrite skeletal formulas for the following alkanes and cycloalkanes. Use solid and broken lines to indicate stereochemistry. a.3-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane b.4-(1-methylethyl)octane c.5-butyl-2,2-dimethylnonane d.trans-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane e.cis-1,2-diethylcyclobutanearrow_forwardWhat is the IUPAC name of the following compound? O A. 3,4,4-Triethyl-2,2,5-trimethylhexane B. 3-Ethyl-3-isopropyl-4-tertbutylhexane O c. 3,3,4-Triethyl-2,5,5-trimethylhexane D. 3,4-Diethyl-4-isopropyl-2,2- dimethylhexane.arrow_forward
- What is the IUPAC name for the following compound ? A. 3,7-dichloro-5-ethyl-6-methyloctane B. 2-chloro-3-methyl-4-(2-chlorobutyl)hexane C. 2,6-dichloro-4-ethyl-3-methyloctane D. 3-chloro-5-(2-chloro-1-methylpropyl)heptane E. 2,3,4,6-dichloroethylmethyoctanearrow_forwardIndicate whether each molecule is an aliphatic or an aromatic hydrocarbon. If it is aliphatic, identify the molecule as an alkane, an alkene, or an alkyne. Separate your answer with a dash. Example. ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON-CYCLOALKANE * H H H. TH. Harrow_forwardWhat term describes the structural relationship between (2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4-trichloroheptane and (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-trichloroheptane? A. enantiomers B. diastereomers OO OO C. constitutional isomers D. not isomersarrow_forward
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning