Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
Interpretation:
The member of the given pair which is expected to have high boiling point has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The derivative of alkane with halogen instead of one or more hydrogen atoms is known as halogenated alkane. If the same is present in cycloalkane, then it is known as halogenated cycloalkane. They are product of reaction between alkane/cycloalkane with halogens.
Physical properties of halogenated
Boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbon is usually higher than the corresponding hydrocarbon. This is because, there is a polarity difference between carbon and halogen atom. This result in increased dipole‑dipole interations.
General trend considering the boiling point and melting point of halogenated hydrocarbon are,
- Melting and boiling points increase with the increase in size of alkyl groups that is present. Due to the increasing intermolecular forces, the melting and boiling point increases.
- As the size of halogen atom increases, the melting point and boiling point also increases.
Halogenated hydrocarbons do not possess hydrogen bonding capability. Therefore, solubility of halogenated hydrocarbon is limited.
(b)
Interpretation:
The member of the given pair which is expected to have high boiling point has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The derivative of alkane with halogen instead of one or more hydrogen atoms is known as halogenated alkane. If the same is present in cycloalkane, then it is known as halogenated cycloalkane. They are product of reaction between alkane/cycloalkane with halogens.
Physical properties of halogenated alkanes:
Boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbon is usually higher than the corresponding hydrocarbon. This is because, there is a polarity difference between carbon and halogen atom. This result in increased dipole‑dipole interations.
General trend considering the boiling point and melting point of halogenated hydrocarbon are,
- Melting and boiling points increase with the increase in size of alkyl groups that is present. Due to the increasing intermolecular forces, the melting and boiling point increases.
- As the size of halogen atom increases, the melting point and boiling point also increases.
Halogenated hydrocarbons do not possess hydrogen bonding capability. Therefore, solubility of halogenated hydrocarbon is limited.
(c)
Interpretation:
The member of the given pair which is expected to have high boiling point has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The derivative of alkane with halogen instead of one or more hydrogen atoms is known as halogenated alkane. If the same is present in cycloalkane, then it is known as halogenated cycloalkane. They are product of reaction between alkane/cycloalkane with halogens.
Physical properties of halogenated alkanes:
Boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbon is usually higher than the corresponding hydrocarbon. This is because, there is a polarity difference between carbon and halogen atom. This result in increased dipole‑dipole interations.
General trend considering the boiling point and melting point of halogenated hydrocarbon are,
- Melting and boiling points increase with the increase in size of alkyl groups that is present. Due to the increasing intermolecular forces, the melting and boiling point increases.
- As the size of halogen atom increases, the melting point and boiling point also increases.
Halogenated hydrocarbons do not possess hydrogen bonding capability. Therefore, solubility of halogenated hydrocarbon is limited.
(d)
Interpretation:
The member of the given pair which is expected to have high boiling point has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The derivative of alkane with halogen instead of one or more hydrogen atoms is known as halogenated alkane. If the same is present in cycloalkane, then it is known as halogenated cycloalkane. They are product of reaction between alkane/cycloalkane with halogens.
Physical properties of halogenated alkanes:
Boiling point of halogenated hydrocarbon is usually higher than the corresponding hydrocarbon. This is because, there is a polarity difference between carbon and halogen atom. This result in increased dipole‑dipole interations.
General trend considering the boiling point and melting point of halogenated hydrocarbon are,
- Melting and boiling points increase with the increase in size of alkyl groups that is present. Due to the increasing intermolecular forces, the melting and boiling point increases.
- As the size of halogen atom increases, the melting point and boiling point also increases.
Halogenated hydrocarbons do not possess hydrogen bonding capability. Therefore, solubility of halogenated hydrocarbon is limited.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 1 Solutions
Organic And Biological Chemistry
- Functionalized Hydrocarbons Identify each compound according to its functional group (e.g.,amine,ester,etc.):arrow_forwardNAME AND CLASSIFY MOLECULES ACCORDING TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL GROUP(S)arrow_forwardA. Give the IUPAC name of the following saturated hydrocarbons. 1 6 ZON 2 H2N 7 3 OH 8 NH2 .N O.arrow_forward
- 12. Which of the following structural formulas shows a compound that is an isomer of butane? C. e. H 110-4 H H III H - H c. alkyl halides d. amines e. ethers H н-с HIC CIC-H 'H HIC-H T 4 * ΗΗΗΗ H-C-C-C-C-O-H ΗΗΗΗ b. H-C # H- C-H H H d. H HIĊ-C= H H H 13. Which class of organic molecules can form directly from alkanes? a. alcohols b. ketones H -C-Harrow_forward12. Which of the following structural formulas shows a compound that is an isomer of butane? C. e. H 110-4 H H III H - H c. alkyl halides d. amines e. ethers H н-с HIC CIC-H 'H HIC-H T 4 * ΗΗΗΗ H-C-C-C-C-O-H ΗΗΗΗ b. H-C # H- C-H H H d. H HIĊIC= H H H 13. Which class of organic molecules can form directly from alkanes? a. alcohols b. ketones H -C-Harrow_forwardWhich piece of information do you need to determine whether a molecule is an alkyne or an alkene? A. The type of C-H bonds in the molecule B. The number of C-H bonds in the molecule C. The type of C-C bonds in the molecule D. The number of C-C bonds in the moleculearrow_forward
- Q1 Aldehydes contain the carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom. contain the carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms contain the carbonyl group bonded to three carbon atoms Q2 compounds with the general formula R S. R′, where R and R′ are hydrocarbon radicals. These compounds can be considered as analogs of ethers, generated by replacing the oxygen atom with sulfu. Organic sulfides C16H32 C16H34 Q3 CH3 CH2 OH 1)Ethyl alcohol 2)2- methyl propanol 3)propyl Q5 The boiling point increase with increasing carbon number , and they usually decrease with branching . 1)Alcohols 2)Ethers 3)Di ethyl ether Q4 The first three primary alcohols soluble in water 1)T 2)F Q6 organic compounds which incorporate a carbonyl functional group, C=O. 1)Aldehydes and ketones 2)Phenol 3)alcohols Q7 Crude oil 1)is a mixture of hydrocarbons 2)Option 2 3)Option 3 Q8 types of hydrocarbon compounds present in crude oil 1)paraffins 2)naphthenes 3)ALL ITQ11 The hydrogen…arrow_forwardHow does the structure of an alcohol differ from an ether? Describe how an aldehyde differs in structure from a ketone. Thiols are compounds which resemble alcohols, except that the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom. Draw the analogous thiol for the four carbon alcohol in Table 1. Describe the structural difference between carboxylic acids and esters. Are ethers polar molecules? Would you expect ethers to have higher or lower boiling points than alkanes (circle one)? Explain. Pentane (an alkane) has a boiling point of 36 °C. Does the data agree with your prediction? explain why this could be the casearrow_forwardEncircle and identify the region in the molecular structure that pertains to a specific functional group or organic compoundarrow_forward
- What is the difference between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon? Unsaturated hydrocarbons have no multiple covalent bonds. The unsaturated hydrocarbon has at least one multiple covalent bond. Unsaturated hydrocarbons must not have cis/trans isomers O Unsaturated hydrocarbons must have at least two atoms joined by bonds that can rotatearrow_forwardaldetyae ketones 59. The structural formula of the compound below is H-C OH HO-C-H HČ-OH Gycerol Ethylene Glycol 1,2 ethane diol 60. This compound is an example of CH, CH CH, CH, C O-CH CH, ethers esters aminesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the characteristic feature of all alkynes? a. the presence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. b. the presence of one or more triple bonds. c. the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. d. the presence of a ring system.arrow_forward
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning