Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of propane has to be written. Concept Introduction: Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes. Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation. Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel. Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms. Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative. Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of propane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of propane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is propane. Two kinds of hydrogen is present in propane. Therefore, bromination of propane will lead to two monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 2

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of propane was drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of pentane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of pentane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is pentane. Three kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in pentane. Therefore, bromination of pentane will lead to three monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 4

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of pentane was drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of 2-methylbutane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is 2-methylbutane. Four kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in 2-methylbutane. Therefore, bromination of 2-methylbutane will lead to four monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane was drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of cyclohexane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of cyclohexane is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given cycloalkane is cyclohexane. Only one kind of hydrogen is present in cyclohexane. Therefore, bromination of cyclohexane will lead to the same monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 8

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of cyclohexane was drawn.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of propane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of propane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is propane. Two kinds of hydrogen is present in propane. Therefore, bromination of propane will lead to two monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 2

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of propane was drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of pentane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of pentane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is pentane. Three kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in pentane. Therefore, bromination of pentane will lead to three monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 4

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of pentane was drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of 2-methylbutane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is 2-methylbutane. Four kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in 2-methylbutane. Therefore, bromination of 2-methylbutane will lead to four monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane was drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of cyclohexane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of cyclohexane is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given cycloalkane is cyclohexane. Only one kind of hydrogen is present in cyclohexane. Therefore, bromination of cyclohexane will lead to the same monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 8

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of cyclohexane was drawn.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of propane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of propane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is propane. Two kinds of hydrogen is present in propane. Therefore, bromination of propane will lead to two monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 2

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of propane was drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of pentane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of pentane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is pentane. Three kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in pentane. Therefore, bromination of pentane will lead to three monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 4

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of pentane was drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of 2-methylbutane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is 2-methylbutane. Four kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in 2-methylbutane. Therefore, bromination of 2-methylbutane will lead to four monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane was drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of cyclohexane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of cyclohexane is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given cycloalkane is cyclohexane. Only one kind of hydrogen is present in cyclohexane. Therefore, bromination of cyclohexane will lead to the same monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 8

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of cyclohexane was drawn.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of propane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of propane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is propane. Two kinds of hydrogen is present in propane. Therefore, bromination of propane will lead to two monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 2

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of propane was drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of pentane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of pentane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is pentane. Three kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in pentane. Therefore, bromination of pentane will lead to three monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 4

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of pentane was drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of 2-methylbutane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is 2-methylbutane. Four kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in 2-methylbutane. Therefore, bromination of 2-methylbutane will lead to four monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane was drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of cyclohexane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of cyclohexane is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given cycloalkane is cyclohexane. Only one kind of hydrogen is present in cyclohexane. Therefore, bromination of cyclohexane will lead to the same monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 8

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of cyclohexane was drawn.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of propane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of propane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is propane. Two kinds of hydrogen is present in propane. Therefore, bromination of propane will lead to two monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 2

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of propane was drawn.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of pentane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of pentane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is pentane. Three kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in pentane. Therefore, bromination of pentane will lead to three monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 4

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of pentane was drawn.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of 2-methylbutane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is 2-methylbutane. Four kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in 2-methylbutane. Therefore, bromination of 2-methylbutane will lead to four monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane was drawn.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of cyclohexane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of cyclohexane is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given cycloalkane is cyclohexane. Only one kind of hydrogen is present in cyclohexane. Therefore, bromination of cyclohexane will lead to the same monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 8

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of cyclohexane was drawn.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of propane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of propane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is propane. Two kinds of hydrogen is present in propane. Therefore, bromination of propane will lead to two monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 2

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of propane was drawn.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of propane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of propane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 1

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is propane. Two kinds of hydrogen is present in propane. Therefore, bromination of propane will lead to two monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 2

Answer 13

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of propane was drawn.

Answer 14

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of pentane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of pentane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is pentane. Three kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in pentane. Therefore, bromination of pentane will lead to three monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 4

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of pentane was drawn.

Answer 15

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of pentane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of pentane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 3

Answer 17

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is pentane. Three kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in pentane. Therefore, bromination of pentane will lead to three monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 4

Answer 21

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of pentane was drawn.

Answer 22

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of 2-methylbutane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is 2-methylbutane. Four kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in 2-methylbutane. Therefore, bromination of 2-methylbutane will lead to four monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane was drawn.

Answer 23

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of 2-methylbutane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

Answer 24

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane are,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 5

Answer 25

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 26

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given alkane is 2-methylbutane. Four kinds of hydrogen atoms are present in 2-methylbutane. Therefore, bromination of 2-methylbutane will lead to four monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 6

Answer 29

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated products of 2-methylbutane was drawn.

Answer 30

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of cyclohexane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of cyclohexane is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given cycloalkane is cyclohexane. Only one kind of hydrogen is present in cyclohexane. Therefore, bromination of cyclohexane will lead to the same monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 8

Conclusion

The structural formula for monobrominated product of cyclohexane was drawn.

Answer 31

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for all the possible monobrominated products obtained from halogenation of cyclohexane has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons. The reactivity of alkanes are very less. They can be heated for a very long time in strong acids and bases without any reaction. Even strong reducing and strong oxidizing agents have less effect on alkanes.

Alkanes are not completely inert. Two important reactions that alkanes undergo are combustion and halogenation.

Combustion reaction is the one where reaction occurs between substance and oxygen which proceeds with evolution of light and heat. Due to the heat produced when alkanes are made to undergo combustion with oxygen, it is used as fuel.

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

Cycloalkanes are also similar to those of alkanes. Cycloalkanes also undergo combustion and halogenation reaction.

Answer 32

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 1.134EP

The monobrominated products of cyclohexane is,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 7

Answer 33

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 34

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Explanation of Solution

Halogenation is a chemical reaction between a substance and halogen. The product of halogenation reaction is that one or more halogens are incorporated into molecules of the substance. Halogenation of hydrocarbon gives hydrocarbon derivatives as product where halogen atoms are substituted instead of hydrogen atoms.

Halogenation reaction of alkane is an example of substitution reaction. This is a reaction where a part of reacting molecule replaces an atom or group of atoms in hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon derivative.

General reaction for halogenation of alkane can be given as shown below,

R−H + X2 →halogenation R−X + H−Xalkane halogen alkyl halide hydrogen halide

The halogenation reaction takes place giving a mixture of products where the hydrogen atoms present in the alkane are substituted randomly.

Given cycloalkane is cyclohexane. Only one kind of hydrogen is present in cyclohexane. Therefore, bromination of cyclohexane will lead to the same monobrominated product as shown below,

Organic And Biological Chemistry, Chapter 1, Problem 1.134EP , additional homework tip 8