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All Textbook Solutions for Introductory Statistics

Determine what the key terms refer to in the following study we want to know the average (mean) amount of money spent on school uniforms each year by families with children at Knoll Academy. We randomly survey 100 families with children in the school. Three of the families spent $65, $75, and $95, respectively.The data are the number of machines in a gym. You sample five gyms. One gym has 12 machines, one gym has 15 machines, one gym has ten machines, one gym has 22 machines, and the other gym has 20 machines. What type of data is this?The data are the areas of Lawns in square feet. You sample five houses. The areas of the lawns are 144 sq. feet, 160 sq. feet, 190 sq. feet, 180 sq. feet, and 210 sq. feet. What type of data is this?The data are the colors of houses. You sample five houses. The colors of the houses are white, yellow, white, red, and white. What type of data is this?Determine the correct data type (quantitative or qualitative) for the number of cars in a parking lot. Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete.The registrar at State University keeps records of the number of credit hours students complete each semester. The data he collects are summarized in the histogram. The class boundaries are 10 to less than 13, 13 to less than 16, 16 to less than 19, 19 to less than 22, and 22 to less than 25. Figure 1.4 What type of data does this graph show?You are going to use the random number generator to generate different types of samples from the data. This table displays six sets of quiz scores (each quiz counts 10 points) for an elementary statistics class. Table 1.6 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 5 7 10 9 8 3 10 5 9 8 7 6 9 10 8 6 7 9 9 10 10 9 8 9 7 8 9 5 7 4 9 9 9 10 8 7 7 7 10 9 8 8 8 8 9 10 8 8 9 7 8 7 7 8 8 8 10 9 8 7 Instructions: Use the Random Number Generator to pick samples. 1. Create a stratified sample by column. Pick three quiz scores randomly from each column. Number each row one through ten. On yotu calculator, press Math and anow over to PRB. For column 1, Press 5:randlnt( and enter 1,10). Press ENTER. Record the number. Press ENTER 2 more times (even the repeats). Record these numbers. Record the three quiz scores in column one that conespond to these three numbers. Repeat for columns two through six. These 18 quiz scores aje a stratified sample. 2. Create a cluster sample by picking two of the columns. Use the column numbers: one through six. Press MATH and arrow over to PRB. Press 5:randlnt( and enter 1,6). Press ENTER. Record the number. Press ENTER and record that number. The two numbers are for two of the columns. The quiz scores (20 of them) In these 2 columns are the cluster sample. 3. Create a simple random sample of 15 quiz scores. Use the numbeiing one through 60. • Press MATH. Arrow over to PRB. Press 5:randlnt( and enter 1, 60). Press ENTER 15 times and record the numbers. Record the quiz scores that correspond to these numbers. These 15 quiz scores are the systematic sample. Create a systematic sample of 12 quiz scores. Use the numbering one through 60. Press MATH. Arrow over to PRB. Press S:randlnt( and enter 1, 60). Press ENTER. Record the number and the first quiz score. From that number, count ten quiz scores and record that quiz score. Keep counting ten quiz scores and recording the quiz score until you have a sample of 12 quiz scores. You may wrap around (go back to the beginning).Determine the type of sampling used (simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster, or convenience). A high school principal polls SO freshmen, 50 sophomores, 50 juniors, and 50 seniors regarding policy changes for after school activities.A local radio station has a fan base of 20,000 listeners. The station wants to know If its audience would prefer more music me talk shows. Asking all 20,000 listeners is an almost impossible task. The station uses convenience sampling and surveys the first 200 people they meet at one of the station’s music concert events. 24 people said they’d prefer more talk shows, and 176 people said they’d prefer more music. Do you think that this sample is representative of (or is characteristic of) the entire 20000 listener population?Table 1.13 shows the amount, in inches, of annual rainfall in a sample of towns. From Table 1.13, find the percentage of rainfall that is less than 9.01 inches.From Table 1.13, find the percentage of rainfall that is between 6.99 and 13.05 inches.From Table 1.13, find the number of towns that have rainfall between 2.95 and 9.01 inches.Table 1.13 represents the amount, in inches, of annual rainfall in a sample of towns. What fraction of towns surveyed get between 11.03 and 13.05 inches of rainfall each year?Table 1.16 contains the total number of fatal motor vehicle traffic crashes in the United States for the period from 1994 to 2011. Table 1.16 Answer the following questions. a. What is the frequency of deaths measured from 2000 throug1 2004? b. What percentage of deaths occurred after 2006? c. What is the relative frequency of deaths that occurred in 2000 or before? d. What is the percentage of deaths that occurred in 2011? e. What is the cumulative relative frequency for 2006? Explain what this number tells you about the data.You are concerned about the effects of texting on driving performance. Design a study to test the response time of drivers while texting and while driving only. How many seconds does it take for a driver to respond when a leading car hits the brakes? a. Describe the explanatory and response variables in the study. b. What are the treatments? c. What should you consider when selecting participants? d. Your research partner wants to divide participants tandomly into two groups: one to drive without distiaction and one to text and drive simultaneously. Is this a good idea? Why or why not? e. Identify any lurking variables that could interfere with this study. f. How can blinding be used in this study?Describe the unethical behavior, if any, in each example and describe how it could impact the reliability of the resulting data. Explain how the problem should be corrected. A study is commissioned to determine the favorite brand of fruit juice among teens in California. a. The survey is commissioned by the seller of a popular brand of apple juice. b. There are only two types of juice Included In the study: apple juice and cranberry juice. c. Researchers allow participants to see the brand of juice as samples are poured for a taste test. d. Twenty-five percent of participants prefer Brand X, 33% prefer Bt and Y and 42° have no preference between the two brands. Brand X references the study in a commercial saying “Most teens like Band X as much as or more than Brand Y.”Determine that the key terms refer to in the example for Researcher A. 1. population Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; ; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Determine that the key terms refer to in the example for Researcher A. sample Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; ; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Determine that the key terms refer to in the example for Researcher A. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; ; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Determine that the key terms refer to in the example for Researcher A. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; ; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Determine that the key terms refer to in the example for Researcher A. 5. variable Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; ; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 “Number of times per week” Is what type of data? a. qualitative(categorical); b. quantitative discrete; c. quantitative continuous Use the following information to answer the next four exercises: A study was done to determine the age, number of times pet week, and the duration (amount of time) of residents using a local park In San Antonio, Texas. The first house in the neighborhood around the park was selected randomly, and then the resident of every eighth house in the neighborhood around the park was interviewed.The sampling method was a. simple random; b. systematic; c. stratified; d. cluster “Duration (amount of time)” is what type of data? a. qualitative(categorical); b. quantitative discrete; c. quantitative continuous The colors of the houses around the park are what kind of data? a. qualitative( categorical); b. quantitative discrete; c. quantitative continuous The population is ________Table 1.26 contains the total number of deaths worldwide as a result of earthquakes from 2000 to 2012. Table 1.26 Year 2000 Total Number of Deaths 231 2001 21,357 2002 11,685 2003 33,819 2004 228,802 2005 88,003 2006 6,605 2007 712 2008 88,011 2009 1,790 2010 320,120 2011 21,953 2012 768 Tota 823,856 Use Table 1.26 to answer the following questions. a. What is the proportion of deaths between 2007 and 2012? b. What percent of deaths occurred before 2001? c. What is the percent of deaths that occurred in 2003 or after 2010? d. What is the fraction of deaths that happened before 2012? e. What kind of data is the number of deaths? f. Earthquakes are quantified according to the amount of energy they produce (examples ate 2.1, 3.0, 6.7). What type of data is that? g. What contributed to the large number of deaths in 2010? in 2004? Explain.For the f1onwing four exercises, determine the type of sampling used (simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster, or convenience). A group of test subjects is divided into twelve groups; then four of the groups are chosen at random.For the f1onwing four exercises, determine the type of sampling used (simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster, or convenience). A market researcher polls every tenth person who walks into a store.For the f1onwing four exercises, determine the type of sampling used (simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster, or convenience). The first 50 people who walk into a sporting event are polled on their television preferences.For the f1onwing four exercises, determine the type of sampling used (simple random, stratified, systematic, cluster, or convenience). A computer generates 100 random numbers, and 100 people whose names correspond with the numbers on the list are chosen.Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done b pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients horn the stait of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) ate collected. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29 Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done b pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients horn the stait of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) ate collected. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29 Determine what the key term data refers to in the above example for Researcher A.Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done b pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients horn the stait of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) ate collected. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29 List two reasons why the data may differ.Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients form the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) ate collected. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29 19. Can you tell if one researcher is correct and the other one is incorrect? Why?Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients horn the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) ate collected. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29 20. Would you expect the data to be identical? Why or why not?Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients horn the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) ate collected. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29 21. Suggest at least two methods the researchers might use to gather random data.Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients horn the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) ate collected. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29 22. Suppose that the first researcher conducted his survey by randomly choosing one state in the nation and then randomly picking 40 patients from that state. What sampling method would that researcher have used?Use the following information to answer the next seven exercises: Studies are often done by pharmaceutical companies to determine the effectiveness of a treatment program. Suppose that a new AIDS antibody drug is currently under study. It is given to patients once the AIDS symptoms have revealed themselves. Of interest is the average (mean length of time in months patients live once starting the treatment. Two researchers each follow a different set of 40 AIDS patients horn the start of treatment until their deaths. The following data (in months) ate collected. Researcher A: 3; 4; 11; 15; 16; 17; 22; 44; 37; 16; 14; 24; 25; 15; 26; 27; 33; 29; 35; 44; 13; 21; 22; 10; 12; 8; 40; 32; 26; 27; 31; 34; 29; 17; 8; 24; 18; 47; 33; 34 Researcher B: 3; 14; 11; 5; 16; 17; 28; 41; 31; 18; 14; 14; 26; 25; 21; 22; 31; 2; 35; 44; 23; 21; 21; 16; 12; 18; 41; 22; 16; 25; 33; 34; 29; 13; 18; 24; 23; 42; 33; 29 23. Suppose that the second researcher conducted his survey by choosing 40 patients he knew. What sampling method would that researcher have used? What concerns would you have about this data set, based upon the data collection method?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: Two researchers are gathering data on hours of video games played by school-aged children and young adults. They each randomly sample different groups of 150 students from the same school. They collect the following data. 24. Give a reason why the data may differ.Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: Two researchers are gathering data on hours of video games played by school-aged children and young adults. They each randomly sample different groups of 150 students from the same school. They collect the following data. 25. Would the sample size be large enough if the population is the students in the school?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: Two researchers are gathering data on hours of video games played by school-aged children and young adults. They each randomly sample different groups of 150 students from the same school. They collect the following data. 26. Would the sample size be large enough if the population is school-aged children and young adults in the United States?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: Two researchers are gathering data on hours of video games played by school-aged children and young adults. They each randomly sample different groups of 150 students from the same school. They collect the following data. 27. Researcher A concludes that most students play video games between four and six hours each week. Researcher B concludes that most students play video games between two and four hours each week. Who is correct?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: Two researchers are gathering data on hours of video games played by school-aged children and young adults. They each randomly sample different groups of 150 students from the same school. They collect the following data. 28. As part of a way to reward students for participating in the survey, the researchers gave each student a gift card to a video game store. Would this affect the data if students knew about the award before the stud?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: A pair of studies was performed to measure the effectiveness of a new software program designed to help stroke patients regain their problem-solving skills. Patients were asked to use the software program twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. The studies observed 200 stroke patients recovering over a period of several weeks. The first study collected the data in Table 1.31. The second study collected the data in Table 1.32. 29. Given what you know, which study is correct?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: A pair of studies ‘was performed to measure the effectiveness of a new software program designed to help stroke patients regain their problem-solving skills. Patients were asked to use the software program twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. The studies observed 200 stroke patients recovering over a period of several weeks. The first study collected the data in Table 1.31. The second study collected the data in Table 1.32. 30. The first study was performed by the company that designed the software program. The second study was performed by the American Medical Association. Which study is more reliable?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: A pair of studies ‘was performed to measure the effectiveness of a new software program designed to help stroke patients regain their problem-solving skills. Patients were asked to use the software program twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. The studies observed 200 stroke patients recovering over a period of several weeks. The first study collected the data in Table 1.31. The second study collected the data in Table 1.32. 31. Both groups that performed the study concluded that the software works. Is this accurate?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: A pair of studies ‘was performed to measure the effectiveness of a new software program designed to help stroke patients regain their problem-solving skills. Patients were asked to use the software program twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. The studies observed 200 stroke patients recovering over a period of several weeks. The first study collected the data in Table 1.31. The second study collected the data in Table 1.32. 32. The company takes the two studies as proof that their softs are causes mental improvement in stroke patients. Is this a fair statement?Use the following data to answer the next five exercises: A pair of studies ‘was performed to measure the effectiveness of a new software program designed to help stroke patients regain their problem-solving skills. Patients were asked to use the software program twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. The studies observed 200 stroke patients recovering over a period of several weeks. The first study collected the data in Table 1.31. The second study collected the data in Table 1.32. 33. Patients who used the soft are were also a part of an exercise program whereas patients who did not use the software were not. Does this change the validity of the conclusions from Exercise 1.31?Is a sample size of 1,000 a reliable measure for a population of 5,000?Is a sample of 500 volunteers a reliable measure for a population of 2,500?A question on a survey reads: “Do you prefer the delicious taste of Brand X or the taste of Brand Y? Is this a fair question?Is a sample size of two representative of a population of five?Is it possible for two experiments to be well run with similar sample sizes to get different data?What type of measure scale is being used? Nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio. a. High school soccer players classified by their athletic ability: Superior, Average, Above average b. Baking temperatures for various main dishes: 330,400, 325, 230, 300 c. The colors of crayons in a 24-crayon box d. Social security numbers e. Incomes measured in dollars f. A sarisfacrion survey of a social website by number: I = vet satisfied. 2 somewhat satisfied. 3 = not sarisfied g. Political outlook: extreme left, left-of -center, right-of-center, extreme right h. Time of day on an analog watch i. The distance in miles to the closest grocery store j. The dates 1066, 1492, 1644, 194’, and 1944 k. The heights of 21—63 year-old women 1. Common letter grades: A, B, C, D, and F Design an experiment. Identify the explanatory and response variables. Describe the population being studied and the experimental units. Explain the treatments that will be used and how they will be assigned to the experimental units. Describe how blinding and placebos may be used to counter the power of suggestion.Discuss potential violations of the rule requiring informed consent. a. Inmates in a correctional facility are offered good behavior credit in return for participation in a study. b. A research study is designed to investigate a new children’s allergy medication. c. Participants in a study are told that the new medication being tested is highly promising. but they are not told that only a small portion of participants will receive the new medication. Others will receive placebo treatments and traditional treatments.For each of the following eight exercises, identify: a. the population, b. (he sample, c. the parameter, d. the statistic, e. the variable, and f. the data. Give examples where appropriate. A fitness center is interested in the mean amount of time a client exercises in the center each week.For each of the following eight exercises, identify: a. the population, b. (he sample, c. the parameter, d. the statistic, e. the variable, and f. the data. Give examples where appropriate. Ski resorts are interested in the mean age that children take their first ski and snowboard lessons. They need this information to plan their ski classes optimally.For each of the following eight exercises, identify: a. the population, b. (he sample, c. the parameter, d. the statistic, e. the variable, and f. the data. Give examples where appropriate. 44. A cardiologist is interested in the mean recovery period of her patients who have had heart attacks.For each of the following eight exercises, identify: a. the population, b. (he sample, c. the parameter, d. the statistic, e. the variable, and f. the data. Give examples where appropriate. Insurance companies are interested in the mean health costs each year of their clients, so that they can determine the costs of health insurance.For each of the following eight exercises, identify: a. the population, b. (he sample, c. the parameter, d. the statistic, e. the variable, and f. the data. Give examples where appropriate. A politician is interested in the proportion of voters in his district who think he is doing a good job.For each of the following eight exercises, identify: a. the population, b. (he sample, c. the parameter, d. the statistic, e. the variable, and f. the data. Give examples where appropriate. 47. A marriage counselor is interested in the proportion of clients she counsels who stay married.For each of the following eight exercises, identify: a. the population, b. (he sample, c. the parameter, d. the statistic, e. the variable, and f. the data. Give examples where appropriate. Political pollsters may be interested in the proportion of people who will vote for a particular cause.For each of the following eight exercises, identify: a. the population, b. (he sample, c. the parameter, d. the statistic, e. the variable, and f. the data. Give examples where appropriate. A marketing company is interested in the proportion of people who will buy a particular product.Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: A Lake Tahoe Community College instructor is interested in the mean number of days Lake Tahoe Community College math students are absent from class during a quarter. What is the population she is interested in? a. all Lake Tahoe Community College students b. all Lake Tahoe Community College English students c. all Lake Tahoe Community College students in her classes d. all Lake Tahoe Community College math students Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: A Lake Tahoe Community College instructor is interested in the mean number of days Lake Tahoe Community College math students are absent from class during a quarter. Consider the following: X = number of days a Lake Tahoe Community College math student is absent In this case, X is an example of a: a. variable. b. population. c. statistic. d. data.Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: A Lake Tahoe Community College instructor is interested in the mean number of days Lake Tahoe Community College math students are absent from class during a quarter. The instructor’s sample produces a mean number of days absent of 3.5 days. This value is an example of a: a. parameter. b. data. c. statistic. d. variable.For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. Number of tickets sold to a concert.For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. percent of body fat For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. favorite baseball team For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. Time in line to buy groceries.For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. Number of students enrolled at Evergreen Valley College For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. Most-watched television show.For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. Brand of toothpaste.For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data distance to the closest movie theatre.For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data 61. age of executives in Fortune 500 companies For the following exercises, identify (he type of data that would be used to describe a response (quantitative discrete, quantitative continuous, or qualitative), and give an example of the data. number of competing computer spreadsheet software packages Use the following information to answer the next two exercises: A study was done to determine the age. number of times per week, and the duration (amount of time) of resident use of a local park in San Jose. The first house in the neighborhood around the park was selected randomly and then every 8th house in the neighborhood around the park was interviewed. “Number of times per week” is what type of data? a. qualitative b. quantitative discrete C. quantitative continuous Use the following information to answer the next two exercises: A study was done to determine the age. number of times per week, and the duration (amount of time) of resident use of a local park in San Jose. The first house in the neighborhood around the park was selected randomly and then every 8th house in the neighborhood around the park was interviewed. 64. “Duration (amount of time)” is what type of data? a. qualitative b. quantitative discrete c. quantitative continuous Airline companies are interested in the consistency of the number of babies on each flight. so that they have adequate safety equipment. Suppose an airline conducts a survey. Over Thanksgiving weekend, it surveys six flights from Boston to Salt Lake Cit to determine the number of babies on the flights. It determines the amount of safety equipment needed by the result of that study. a. Using complete sentences, list three things wrong with the way the survey was conducted. b. Using complete sentences, list three ways that you would improve the survey if it were to be repeated.Suppose you want to determine the mean number of students per statistics class in your state. Describe a possible sampling method in three to five complete sentences. Make the description detailed.Suppose you want to determine the mean number of cans of soda drunk each month by students in their twenties at your school. Describe a possible sampling method in three o five complete sentences. Make the description detailed.List some practical difficulties involved in getting accurate results from a telephone survey.List some practical difficulties involved in getting accurate results from a mailed survey.With your classmates, brainstorm some ways you could overcome these problems if you needed to conduct a phone or mail survey.The instructor takes her sample by gathering data on five randomly selected students from each Lake Tahoe Community College math class. The type of sampling she used is a. cluster sampling b. stratified sampling c. simple random sampling d. convenience sampling A study was done to determine the age, number of times per week, and the duration (amount of time) of residents using a local park in San Jose. The first house in the neighborhood around the park was selected randomly and then every eighth house in the neighborhood around the park was interviewed. The sampling method was: a. simple random b. systematic c. stratified d. cluster Name the sampling method used in each of the following situations: a. A woman in the airport is handing out questionnaires to travelers asking them to evaluate the airport’s service. She does not ask travelers who ate hurrying through the airport with their hands full of luggage. but instead asks all travelers who are sitting near gates and not taking naps while they wait. b. A teacher wants to know if her students are doing homework, so she randomly selects rows two and five and then calls on all students in row two and all students in row five to present the solutions to homework problems to the class. c. The marketing manager for an electronics chain store wants information about the ages of its customers. Over the next two weeks, at each store location, 100 randomly selected customers are given questionnaires to fill out asking for information about age, as well as about other variables of interest. d. The librarian at a public library wants to determine what proportion of the library users are children. The librarian has a tally sheet on which she marks whether books are checked out by an adult or a child. She records this data for every fourth patron who checks out books. e. A political part ants to know the reaction of voters to a debate between the candidates. The day after the debate. the party’s polling staff calls 1,200 randomly selected phone numbers. If a registered voter answers the phone or is available to come to the phone, that registered voter is asked whom he or she intends to vote for and whether the debate changed his or her opinion of the candidates.A “random survey” was conducted of 3,2’4 people of the “microprocessor generation” (people born since 19fl, the year the microprocessor was invented). It was reported that 48% of those individuals surveyed stated that if they had S2,000 to spend. they would use it for computer equipment. Also, 66% of those surveyed considered themselves relatively savvy computer users. a. Do you consider the sample size large enough for a study of this type? Why or why not? b. Based on your “gut feeling.” do you believe the percents accurately reflect the U.S. population for those individuals born since 19’1? If not, do you think the percents of the population are actually higher or lower than the sample statistics? Why? Additional information: The survey, reported by Intel Corporation, was filled out by individuals who visited the Los Angeles Convention Center to see the Smithsonian Institute’s road show called “America’s Smithsonian.’ c. With this additional information, do you feel that all demographic and ethnic groups were equally represented at the event? Why or why not? d. With the additional information, comment on how accurately you think the sample statistics reflect the population parameters.The Well-Being Index is a survey that follows trends of U.S. residents on a regular basis. There are six areas of health and wellness covered in the survey: Life Evaluation. Emotional Health, Physical Health, Healthy Behavior, Work Environment, and Basic Access. Some of the questions used to measure the Index are listed below. Identify the type of data obtained from each question used in this survey: qualitative, quantitative discrete, or quantitative continuous. a. Do you have any health problems that prevent you from doing any of the things people your age can normally do? b. During the past 30 days, for about how many days did poor health keep you from doing your usual activities? c. In the last seven days, on how many days did you exercise for 30 minutes or moie? d. Do you have health insurance coverage?In advance of the 1936 Presidential Election, a magazine titled Literary Digest released the results of an opinion poll predicting that the republican candidate Aif Landon would win by a large margin. The magazine sent post cards to approximately 10,000,000 prospective voters. These prospective voters were selected from the subscription list of the magazine, from automobile registration lists, from phone lists, and from club membership lists. Approximately 2,300,000 people returned the postcards. a. Think about the state of the United States in 1936. Explain why a sample chosen from magazine subscription lists, automobile registration lists, phone books, and club membership lists was not representative of the population of the United States at that time. b. What effect does the low response rate have on the reliability of the sample? c. Are these problems examples of sampling error or nonsampling error? d. During the same year, George Gallup conducted his own poll of 30,000 prospective voters. These researchers used a method they called quoa sampling’ to obain survey answers from specific subsets of the population. Quota sampling is an example of which sampling method described in this module?Crime-related and demographic statistics for 4 US states in 1960 were collected from government agencies, including the FBIs Uniform Crime Report. One analysis of this data found a strong connection between education and crime indicating that higher levels of education in a community correspond to higher crime rates. Which of the potential problems with samples discussed in Section 1.2 could explain this connection?YouPolls is a website that allows anyone to create and respond to polls. One question posted April 15 asks: “Do you feel happy paving your taxes when members of the Obama administration are allowed to ignore their tax liabilities?”[5] As of April 25, 11 people responded to this question. Each participant answered N0!” Which of the potential problems with samples discussed in this module could explain this connection?A scholarly article about response rates begins with the following quote: “Declining contact and cooperation rates in random digit dial (RDD) national telephone surveys raise serious concerns about the validity of estimates drawn from such research.t63 The Pew Research Center for People and the Press admits: “The percentage of people we interview — out of all we try to interview — has been declining over the past decade or more.”[7] a. What are some reasons for the decline in response rate over the past decade? b. Explain why researchers are concerned with the impact of the declining response rate on public opinion polls.Fifty part-time students were asked how many courses they were taking this term. The (incomplete) results are shown below: # of Courses Frequency Relative Frequency Cumulative Relative Frequency 1 30 0.6 2 15 3 Table 1.33 Part-time Student Course Loads a. Fill in the blanks in Table 1.33. b. What percent of students take exactly two courses? c. What percent of students take one or two courses?Sixty adults with gum disease were asked the number of times per week they used to floss before their diagnosis. The (incomplete) results are shown in Table 1.34. a. Fill in the blanks in Table 1.34. b. What percent of adults flossed six times per week? c. What percent flossed at most three times per week?Nineteen immigrants to the U.S were asked how many ears, to the nearest year, they have lived in the U.S. The data are as follows: 2; 5; ;2; 2: 10;20: 15; 0; ;0; 20; 5; 12: 15; 12;4;5; 10. Table 1.35 was produced. a. Fix the errors in Table 1.35. Also, explain how someone might have arrived at the incorrect number(s). b. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “4 percent of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. for S years.” c. Fix the statement in b to make it correct. d. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. five or seven ears? e. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. at most 12 ears? f. What fraction of the people surveyed have lived in the U.S. fewer than 12 years?How much time does it take to navel to work? Table 1.36 shows the mean commute time by state for workers at least 16 years old who are not working at home. Find the mean navel time, and round off the answer properly. Table 1.36 24.0 24.3 25.9 18.9 27.5 17.9 21.8 20.9 16.7 27.3 18.2 24.7 20.0 22.6 23.9 18.0 31.4 22.3 24.0 25.5 24.7 24.6 28.1 24.9 22.6 23.6 23.4 25.7 24.8 25.5 21.2 25.7 23.1 23.0 23.9 26.0 16.3 23.1 21.4 21.5 27.0 27.0 18.6 31.7 23.3 30.1 22.9 23.3 21.7 18.6 Forbes magazine published data on the best small firms in 2012. These were firms which had been publicly traded for at least a year. have a stock price of at least S3 per share, and have reported annual revenue between $3 million and $1 billion. Table 1.37 shows the ages of the chief executive officers for the first 60 ranked firms. Table 1.37 a. What is the frequency for CEO ages between 34 and 63? b. What percentage of CEOs are 63 years or older? c. What is the relative frequency of ages under 30? d. What is the cumulative relative frequency for CEOs younger than 55? e. Which graph shows the relative frequency and which shows the cumulative relative frequency? Figure 1.13 Use (he following information o answer the next two exercises: Table 1.38 contains data on hurricanes that have made direct hits on the U.S. Between 1831 and 2004. A hurricane is given a strength category rating based on the minimum wind speed generated by the storm. 85. What is the relative frequency of direct hits that were category 4 hurricanes? a. 0.0768 b. 0.0659 c. 0.2601 d. Not enough information to calculate Use (he following information o answer the next two exercises: Table 1.38 contains data on hurricanes that have made direct hits on the U.S. Between 1831 and 2004. A hurricane is given a strength category rating based on the minimum wind speed generated by the storm. 86. What is the relative frequency of direct hits that were AT MOST a category 3 storm? a. 0.3480 b. 0.9231 c. 0.2601 d. 0.3370 How does sleep deprivation affect your ability to drive? A recent study measured the effects on 19 professional drivers. Each driver participated in two experimental sessions: one after normal sleep and one after 2 hours of total sleep deprivation. The reatments were assigned in random order. In each session, performance was measured on a variety of tasks including a driving simulation. Use key terms from this module to describe the design of this experiment.An advertisement for Acme Investments displays the two graphs in Figure 1.14 to show the value of Acme’s product in comparison with the Other Guy’s product. Describe the potentially misleading visual effect of these comparison graphs. How can this be corrected? Figure 1.14 As the graphs show. Acme consistently outperforms the Other Guys!The graph in Figure 1.15 shows the number of complaints for six different airlines as reported to the US Department of Transportation in February 2013. Alaska. Pinnacle, and Airtran Airlines have far fewer complaints reported than American. Delta, and United. Can we conclude that American, Delta, and United are the worst airline carriers since they have the most complaints? Figure 1.15 Seven hundred and Seventy-one distance learning students at Long Beach City College responded to surveys in the 2010-11 academic year. Highlights of the summary report are listed in Table 1.39. Table 1.39 LBCC Distance Learning Survey Results a. What percent of the students surveyed do not have a computer at home? b. About how many students in the survey live at least 16 miles from campus? c. If the same survey were done at Great Basin College in Elko, Nevada. do you think the percemages would be the same? Why?Several online textbook retailers advertise that they have lower prices than on-campus bookstores. However, an important factor is whether the Internet retailers actually have the textbooks that students need in stock Students need to be able to get textbooks promptly at the beginning of the college term. If the book is not available, then a student would not be able to get the textbook at all, or might get a delayed delivery if the book is back ordered. A college newspaper reporter is investigating textbook availability at online retailers. He decides to investigate one textbook for each of the following seven subjects: calculus, biology, chemistry, physics, statistics, geology, and general engineering. He consults textbook industry sales data and selects the most popular nationally used textbook in each of these subjects. He visits websites for a random sample of major online textbook sellers and looks up each of these seven textbooks to see if they are available in stock for quick delivery through these retailers. Based on his investigation, he writes an article in which he draws conclusions about the overall availabilit of all college textbooks through online textbook retailers. Write an analysis of his study that addxesses the following issues: Is his sample representative of the population of all college textbooks? Explain why or why not. Describe some possible sources of bias in this studs’, and how it might affect the results of the study. Give some suggestions about what could be done to improve the study.For the Park City basketball team, scores for the last 30 games were as follows (smallest to largest): 32; 32; 33; 34; 38; 40; 42; 42; 43; 44; 46; 47; 47; 48; 48; 48; 49; 50; 50; 51; 52; 52; 52; 53; 54; 36; 57; 57; 60; 61 Construct a stem plot for the data.The following data show the distances (in miles) from the homes of off-campus statistics students to the college. Create a stem plot using the data and identify any outliers: 0.5; 0.7; 1.1; 1.2; 1.2; 1.3; 1.3; 1.5; 1.5; 1.7; 1.7; 1.8; 1.9; 2.0 2.2; 2.5; 2.6; 2.8; 2.8; 2.8; 3.5; 3.8; 4.4; 4.8; 4.9; 5.2; 5.5; 5.7; 5.8; 8.0 The table shows the number of sins and losses the Atlanta Hawks have had in 42 seasons. Create a side-by-side stem-and-leaf plot of these wins and losses.In a survey, 40 people were asked how many times per year they had their car in the shop for repairs. The results are shown in Table 2.8. Constrict a line graph. Number of times in shop Frequency 0 7 1 10 2 14 3 9 Table 2.8 The population in Park City is made up of children, working-age adults, and retirees. Table 2.10 shows the three age groups, the number of people in the town from each age group, and the proportion (%) of people in each age group. Construct a bar graph showing the proportions.Park city is broken down into six voting districts. The table shows the percent of the total registered voter population that lives in each district as well as the percent total of the entire population that lives in each district. Construct a bar graph that shows the registered voter population by district.The following data are the shoe sizes of 50 male students. The sizes ate continuous data since shoe size is measured. Constrict a histogram and calculate the width of each bar or class interval. Suppose you choose six bars. 9 9; 9.5; 95; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10.5; 10.5; 10.5; 10.5; 10.5; 10.5; 10.5; 10.5 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11; 11.5; 113; 113; 11.5; 11.5; 11.5; 113 12; 12; 12; 12; 12; 12; 12; 12.5; 12.5; 12.5; 12.5; 14 The following data are the number of sports played by 50 student athletes. The number of sports is discrete data since sports are counted. 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1; 1 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2; 2 3; 3; 3; 3; 3; 3; 3; 3 20 student athletes play one sport. 22 student athletes play two sports. Eight student athletes play three spoils. Fill in the blanks for the following sentence. Since the data consist of the numbers 1, 2, 3, and the starting point is 0.5, a width of one places the 1 in t1 middle of the interval 0.5 to _____ the 2 In the middle of the interval from _____ to _____ and the 3 in the middle of the interval from _____ to _____The following data represent the number of employees at various restaurants in New You City. Using this data, create a histogram. 22; 35; 15; 26; 40; 28; 18; 20; 25; 34; 39; 42; 24; 22; 19; 27; 22; 34; 40; 20; 38; and 28 Use 10—19 as the first interval.Construct a frequency polygon of U.S. Presidents’ ages at inauguration shown in Table 2.15.The following table is a portion of a data set from wwwworldbank.org. Use the table to construct a time series graph for CO2emissions for the United States.For the following 11 salaries, calculate the IQR and determine if any salaries are outliers. The salaries are in dollars. 533,000; 564,500; 528,000; $54,000; 572,000; 568,500; 569,000; $42,000; 554,000; 5120,000; 5.10,500 Find the interquartile range for the following two data sets and compare them. Test Scores for Class A 69; 96; 81; 79; 65; 76; 83; 99; 89; 67; 90; 77; 85; 98; 66; 91; 77; 69; 80; 94 Test Scores for Class B 90; 72; 80; 92; 90; 97; 92; 75; 79; 68; 70; 80; 99; 95; 78; 73; 71; 68; 95; 100 Forty bus drivers were asked how many hours they spend each day running their routes (rounded to the nearest hour). Find the 65th percentile.Refer to the Table 223. Find the third quartile. What is another name for the third quartile?Listed are 29 ages for Academy Award sinning best actors in order from smallest to largest. 18; 21; 22; 25; 26; 27; 29; 30; 31; 33; 36; 37; 41; 42; 47; 52; 55; 57; 58; 62; 64; 67; 69; 71; 72; 73; 74; 76; 77 Calculate the 2O percentile and the 55th percentile.Listed are 30 ages for Academy Award winning best actors in order from smallest to largest. 18; 21; 22; 25; 26; 27; 29; 30; 31, 31; 33; 36; 37; 41; 42; 47; 52; 55; 57; 58; 62; &; 67; 69; 71; 72; 73; 74; 76; 77 Find the percentiles for 47 and 31.For the 100-meter dash, the third quartile for times for finishing the race was 113 seconds. Interpret the third quartile in the context of the situation.On a 60 point written assignment, the 80th percentile for the number of points earned was 49. Interpret the 80th percentile in the context of this situation.During a season, the 40th percentile for points scored per player in a game is eight. Interpret the 40th percentile in the context of this situation.The following data are the number of pages In 40 books on a shelf. Construct a box plot using a graphing calculator, and state the Interquartile range. 136; 140; 178; 190; 205; 215; 217; 218; 232; 234; 240; 255; 270; 275; 290; 301; 303; 315; 317; 318; 326; 333; 343; 349; 360; 369; 377; 388; 391; 392; 398; 400; 402; 405; 408; 422; 429; 450 475; 512 The folloising data set show’s the heights in inches for the boys in a class of 40 students. 66; 66; 67; 67; 68; 68; 68; 68; 68; 69; 69; 69; 70; 71; 72; 72; 72; 73; 73; 74 The follosing data set show’s the heights in inches for the girls in a class of 40 students. 61; 61; 62; 62; 63; 63; 63; 65; 65; 65; 66; 66; 66; 67; 68; 68; 68; 69; 69; 69 Construct a box plot using a graphing calculator for each data set, and state which box p1cc has the cider spread for the middle 50% of the data.Follow the steps you used to graph a box-and-whisker plot for the data values shown. 0 5; 5; 15; 30; 30; 45; 50; 50; 60; 75; 110; 140; 240; 330 The following data show the number of months patients typically wait on a transplant list before getting surgery. The data are ordered from smallest to largest. Calculate the mean and median. 3; 4; 5; 7; 7; 7; 7; 8; 8; 9; 9; 10 10; 10; 10 10 11; 12; 12; 13; 14; 14; 15; 15; 17; 17; 18; 19; 19; 19; 21; 21; 22; 22; 23; 24; 24; 24; 24 In a sample of 60 households, one house is worth $2,500,000. Half of the rest are worth $280,000, and all the others are worth $315,000. Which is the better measure of the “center”: the mean o the median?The number of books checked out from the library from 25 students are as follows: 0; 0; 0; 1; 2; 3; 3; 4; 4; 5; 5; 7; 7; 7; 7; 8; 8; 8; 9; 10; 10; 11; 11; 12; 12 Find the mode.Five credit scores are 680, 680, 700, 720, 720. The data set is bimodal because the scores 680 and 720 each occur twice. Consider the annual earnings of workers at a factory. The mode is $25,000 and occurs 150 times out of 301. The median is S50,000 and the mean is $47,500. What would be the best measure of the “center’?Mails conducted a study on the effect that playing video games has on memory recall. As part of her study, she compiled the following data: What Is the best estimate for the mean number of hours spent playing video games?Discuss the mean, median, and mode for each of the following problems. Is there a pattern between the shape and measure of the center? Figure 2.23 On a baseball team, the ages of each of the players are as follows: 21; 21; 22; 23; 24; 24; 25; 25; 28; 29; 29; 31; 32; 33; 33; 34; 35; 36; 36; 36; 36; 38; 38; 38; 40 Use your calculator or computer to find the mean and standard deviation. Then find the value that is two standard deviations above the mean.The following data show the different types of pet food stores in the area carry. 6; 6; 6; 6; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 8; 9; 9; 9; 9; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; H; 11; 11; H; 12; 12; 12; 12; 12; 12; Calculate the sample mean and the sample standard deviation to one decimal place using a 11-83 or 11-84 calculator.Find the standard deviation for the data from the previous example. First, press the STAT key and select 1:Edit Figure 2.26 Input the midpoint values into L.1 and the frequencies into L.2 Figure 2.27 Select STAT, CALC, and 1:1-Var Stats Figure 2.28 Select 2nd then 1 than, 2nd then 2 Enter You will see displayed both a population standard deviation, x , and the sample standard deviation, sx.Two swimmers, Angie and Beth, from different teams, wanted to find out who has the fastest time for the 50 meter freestyle when compared to her team. Which swimmer had the fastest time when compared to her team?For each of the following data sets, create a stem plot and identify any outliers. The miles per gallon rating for 30 cars are shown below (lowest to highest). 19, 19, 19, 20, 21, 21, 25, 25, 25, 26, 26, 28, 29, 31,31, 32, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 38, 38,41, 43, 43 For each of the following data sets, create a stem plot and identify any outliers. 2. The height in feet of 25 trees is shown below (lowest to highest). 25, 27, 33, 34, 34, 34, 35, 37, 37, 38, 39, 39, 39, 40,41,45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 50, 53, 53, 54, 54 For each of the following data sets, create a stem plot and identify any outliers. The data are the prices of different laptops at an electronics store. Round each value to the nearest ten. 249, 249, 260, 265, 265, 280, 299, 299, 309, 319, 325, 326, 350, 350, 350, 365, 369, 389, 409, 459, .189, 559, 569, 570, 610 For each of the following data sets, create a stem plot and identify any outliers. The data are daily high temperatures in a town for one month. 61, 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 67, 67, 68, 69, 70, 70, 70, 71, 71, 72, 74, 74, 74, 75, 75, 75, 76, 76, 77, 78, 78, 79, 79, 95 For each of the following data sets, create a stem plot and identify any outliers. 5. In a survey, 40 people were asked how many times they visited a store before making a major purchase. The results are shown in Table 2.37.For each of the following data sets, create a stem plot and identify any outliers. 6. In a survey, several people were asked how many years it has been since they purchased a mattress. The results are shown in Table 2.38.For each of the following data sets, create a stem plot and identify any outliers. 7. Several children were asked how many TV shows they watch each day. The results of the survey are shown in Table 2.39.The students in Ms. Ramirez’s math class have birthdays in each of the four seasons. Table 2.40 shows the four seasons, the number of students who have birthdays. In each season, and the percentage (%) of students in each group. Construct a bat graph showing the number of students.Using the data from Mrs. Ramirez’s math class supplied in Exercise 2.8, construct a bar graph showing the percentages.David County has six high schools. Each school sent students to participate In a county-side science competition. Table 2.41 shows the percentage breakdown of competitors from each school, and the percentage of the entire student population of the country that goes to each school. Construct a bar graph that shows the population percentage of competitors from each school.Use the data from the David County science competition supplied in Exercise 2.10. Construict a bar graph that shows the county-wide population percentage of students at each school.Sixty-five randomly selected car salespersons were asked the number of cars they generally sell in one week. Fourteen people answered that they generally sell three cars; nineteen generally sell four cars; twelve generally sell five cars; nine generally sell six cars; eleven generally sell seven cars. Complete the table.What does the frequency column in Table 2.42 sum to? Why?What does the relative frequency column in Table 2.42 sum to? Why?What is the difference between relative frequency and frequency for each data value in Table 2.42?What is the difference between cumulative relative frequency and relative frequency for each data value?To construct the histogram for the data in Table 2.42. determine appropriate minimum and maximum x and y values and the scaling. Sketch the histogram. Label the horizontal and vertical axes with words. Include numerical scaling. Construct a frequency polygon from the frequency distribution for the 50 highest ranked countries for depth of hunger.Use the two frequency tables to compare the life expectancy of men and women from 20 randomly selected countries. Include an overlayed frequency polygon and discuss the shapes of the distributions, the center, the spread, and any outliers. ‘That can we conclude about the life expectancy of women compared to men?Construct a times series graph for (a) the number of male births, (b) the number of female births, and (c) the total number of births.The following data sets List full time police per 100,000 citizens along with homicides per 100,000 citizens for the city of Detroit, Michigan during the period from 1961 to 1973. a. Construct a double time series graph using a common x-axis for both sets of data. b. Which variable increased the fastest? Explain. c. Did Detroit’s increase in police officers have an impact on the murder rate? Explain.Listed are 29 ages for Academy Award winning best actors in order from smallest to largest. 18; 21; 22; 25; 26; 27; 29; 30; 31; 33; 36; 37; 41; 42; 47; 52; 55; 57; 58; 62; 64; 67; 69; 71; 72; 73; 74; 76; 77 a. Find the 40th percentile. b. Find the 78th percentile.Listed are 32 ages for Academy Award winning best actors in order from smallest to largest. 18; 18; 21; 22; 25; 26; 27; 29; 30; 31; 31; 33; 36; 37; 37; 41; 42; 47; 52; 55; 37; 58; 62; ; 67; 69; 71; 72; 73; 74; 76; 77 a. Find the percentile of 37. b. Find the percentile of 72.Jesse was ranked 37th in his graduating class of 180 students. At hat percentile is Jesse’s ranking?a. For runners in a race, a low time means a faster run. The winners in a race have the shortest running times. Is it more desirable to have a finish time with a high or a low percentile when running a race? b. The 20th percentile of run times in a particular race is 5.2 minutes. Write a sentence interpreting the 20th percentile in the context of the situation. c. A bicyclist in the 9O percentile of a bicycle race completed the race in 1 hour and 12 minutes. Is he among the fastest or slowest cyclists in the race? Write a sentence interpreting the 90th percentile in the context of the situation.a. For runners in a race, a higher speed means a faster run. Is it more desirable to have a speed high a high or a low percentile when running a race? b. The 40thpercentile of speeds in a particular race is 7.5 miles per hour. Write a sentence interpreting the 40th percentile in the context of the situation.On an exam, would it be more desirable to earn a grade with a high or low percentile? Explain.Mina is waiting in line at the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). Her wait time of 32 minutes is the 85th percentile of wait times. Is that good or bad? Write a sentence interpreting the 85th percentile in the context of this situation.In a survey collecting data about the salaries earned by recent college graduates, Li found that het salary was in the percentile. Should Li be pleased or upset by this result? Explain.In a study collecting data about the repair costs of damage to automobiles in a certain type of crash tests, a certain model of car had 51,700 in damage and as in the 90th percentile. Should the manufacturer and the consumer be pleased or upset by this result? Explain and write a sentence that interprets the 90th percentile in the context of this problem.The University of California has two criteria used to set admission standards for freshman to be admitted to a college US the CC system: a. Students GPAs and scores on standardized tests (SATs and ACTs) are entered into a formula that calculates an “admissions Index” score. The admissions Index score Is used to set eligibility standards intended to meet the goal of admitting the top 12°. of high school students in the state. In this context, what percentile does the top 12°. represent? b. Students whose OPAS ate at or above the 96th percentile of all students at their high school are eligible (called eligible in the local context), even if they axe not In the top l2, of all students In the state. What percentage of students from each high school axe “eligible in the local context”?Suppose that you are buying a house. You and your realtor have determined that the most expensive house you can afford Is the 34 percentile. The 34 percentile of housing prices Is $240,000 in the town you want to move to. In this town, can you afford 34°e of the houses or 66°e of the houses? Use the following Information to answer the next six exercises. Sixty-five randomly selected car salespersons were asked the number of cars they generally sell in one week. Fourteen people answered that they generally sell three cars; nineteen generally sell four cars; twelve generally sell five cars; nine generally sell six cars; eleven generally sell seven cars.First quartile = _______Second quartile = median = 50th percentile =Third quartile = _______Interquartile range (IQR) = _____ — _____Inteiquartile range (IQR = _____ — _____ = _____ _____percentile = _______Use the following information to answer the next two exercises. Sixty-five randomly selected car salespersons were asked the number of cars they generally sell in one week. Fourteen people answered that the generally sell three cars; nineteen generally sell four cars; twelve generally sell five cars; nine generally sell six cars; eleven generally sell seven cars. Construct a box plot below. Use a ruler to measure and scale accurately.Use the following information to answer the next two exercises. Sixty-five randomly selected car salespersons were asked the number of cars they generally sell in one week. Fourteen people answered that the generally sell three cars; nineteen generally sell four cars; twelve generally sell five cars; nine generally sell six cars; eleven generally sell seven cars. Looking at your box plot, does it appear that the data are concentrated togethet, spread out evenly, or concentrated in some areas, but not in others? How can you tell?Find the mean for the following frequency tables.Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: The following data show the lengths of boats mooted in a marina. The data are ordered from smallest to largest: 16; 17; 19; 20; 20; 21; 23; 24; 25; 25; 25; 26; 26; 27; 27; 27; 28; 29; 30; 32; 33; 33; 34; 35; 37; 39; 40 Calculate the mean.Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: The following data show the lengths of boats mooted in a marina. The data are ordered from smallest to largest: 16; 17; 19; 20; 20; 21; 23; 24; 25; 25; 25; 26; 26; 27; 27; 27; 28; 29; 30; 32; 33; 33; 34; 35; 37; 39; 40 Identify the median.Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: The following data show the lengths of boats mooted in a marina. The data are ordered from smallest to largest: 16; 17; 19; 20; 20; 21; 23; 24; 25; 25; 25; 26; 26; 27; 27; 27; 28; 29; 30; 32; 33; 33; 34; 35; 37; 39; 40 Identify the mode.Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: Sixty-five randomly selected car salespersons were asked the number of cars they generally sell in one week. Fouteen people answered that they genetally sell thiee cars; nineeen genet ally sell four cars; twelve generally sell five cars; nine geneiallv sell six cars; eleven generally sell seven cats. Calculate the following: 46. sample mean = x =Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: Sixty-five randomly selected car salespersons were asked the number of cars they generally sell in one week. Fourteen people answered that they generally sell three cars; nineteen genet ally sell four cars; twelve generally sell five cars; nine generally sell six cars; eleven generally sell seven cats. Calculate the following: median = ______Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: Sixty-five randomly selected car salespersons were asked the number of cars they generally sell in one week. Fourteen people answered that they generally sell three cars; nineteen genet ally sell four cars; twelve generally sell five cars; nine generally sell six cars; eleven generally sell seven cats. Calculate the following: mode=____Use the following information to answer the next three exercises State whether the data are symmetrical, skewed to the left, or skewed to the right. 1; 1; 1; 2; 2; 2; 2; 3; 3; 3; 3; 3; 3; 3; 3; 4; 4; 4; 5; 5 Use the following information to answer the next three exercises State whether the data are symmetrical, skewed to the left, or skewed to the right. 16; 17; 19; 22; 22; 22; 22; 22; 23 Use the following information to answer the next three exercises State whether the data are symmetrical, skewed to the left, or skewed to the right. 87; 87; 87; 87; 87; 88; 89; 89; 90; 91 When the data are skewed left, what is the typical relationship between the mean and median?When the data are symmetrical, what is the typical relationship between the mean and median?What word describes a distribution that has two modes?Describe the shape of this distribution. Figure 2.32 Describe the relationship between the mode and the median of this disthbution. Figure 2.33 Describe the relationship between the mean and the median of this distribution. Figure 2.34 Describe the shape of this distribution. Figure 2.35 Describe the relationship between the mode and the median of this distribution. Figure 2.36 Are the mean and the median the exact same in this distribution? Why or why not? Figure 2.37 Describe the shape of this distribution. Figure 2.38 Describe the relationship between the mode and the median of this distribution. Figure 2.39 Describe the relationship between the mean and the median of this distribution. Figure 2.40 The mean and median for the data are the same. 3; 4; 5; 5; 6; 6; 6; 6; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7 Is the data perfectly symmetrical? Why or why not?Which is the greatest, the mean, the mode, or the median of the data set? 11; 11; 12; 12; 12; 12; 13; 15; 17; 22; 22; 22 Which is the least, the mean, the mode, and the median of the data set? 56; 56; 56; 58; 59; 60; 62; 64; 64; 65; 67 Of the three measures, which tends to reflect skewing the most, the mean, the mode, or the median? Why?In a perfectly symmetrical distribution, when would the mode be different from the mean and median?Use the following information to answer the next rsv exeirises: The following data are the distances between 20 retail stores and a Large distribution center. The distances are in miles. 29; 37; 38; 40; 58; 67; 68; 69; 76; 86; 87; 95; 96; 96; 99; 106; 112; 127; 145; 150 Use a graphing calculator or computer to find the standard deviation and round to the nearest tenth.Use the following information to answer the next two exercises: The following data are the distances between 20 retail stores and a Large distribution center. The distances are in miles. 29; 37; 38; 40; 58; 67; 68; 69; 76; 86; 87; 95; 96; 96; 99; 106; 112; 127; 145; 150 Find the value that is one standard deviation below the mean.Two baseball players, Fredo and Karl, on different teams wanted to find out who had the higher batting average when compared to his team. Which baseball player had the higher batting average when compared to his team?Use Table 2.57 to find the value that is three standard deviations: a. above the mean b. below the mean Find the standard deviation for the following frequency tables using the formula. Check the calculations with the TI 83 /84.Student grades on a chemistry exam were: 77, 78, 76, 81, 86, 51, 79, 82, 84, 99 a. Constrict a stem-and-leaf plot of the data. b. Are there any potential outliers? If so, which scores are they? Why do you consider them outliers?Table 2.61 contains the 2010 obesity rates in U.S. states and Washington, DC. a. Use a random number generator to randomly pick eight states. Construct a bar graph of the obesity rates of those eight states. b. Construct a bar graph for all the states beginning with the letter “A.” c. Construct a bar graph for all the states beginning with the letter “M.”Suppose that three book publishers were interested in the number of fiction paperbacks adult consumers purchase per month. Each publisher conducted a survey. In the survey, adult consumers were asked the number of fiction paperbacks they had purchased the previous month. The results are as follows: a. Find the relative frequencies for each survey. Write them in the charts b. Using either a graphing calculator, computer, or by hand, use the frequency column to construct a histogram for each publisher's survey. For Publishers A and B, make bar widths of one. For Publisher C, make bar widths of two. c. In complete sentences, give two reasons why the graphs for Publishers A and B are not identical. d. Would you have expected the graph for Publisher C to look like the other two graphs? Why or why not? e. Make new histograms for Publisher A and Publisher B. This time, make bar widths of two. f. Now, compare the graph for Publisher C to the new graphs for Publishers A and B. Are the graphs more similar or more different? Explain your answer.Often, cruise ships conduct all on-board transactions, with the exception of gambling, on a cashless basis. At the end of the cruise, guests pay one bill that covers all onboard transactions. Suppose that 60 single travelers and 70 couples were surveyed as to their on-board bills for a seven-day cruise from Los Angeles to the Mexican Riviera. Following is a summary of the bills for each group. a. Fill in the relative frequency for each group. b. Construct a histogram for the singles group. Scale the x-axis by $50 widths. Use relative frequency on the y-axis. c. Construct a histogram for the couples group. Scale the x-axis by $50 widths. Use relative frequency on they axis. d. Compare the two graphs: i. List two similarities between the graphs. ii. List two differences between the graphs. iii. Overall, are the graphs more similar or different? e. Construct a new graph for the couples by hand. Since each couple is paying for two individuals, instead of scaling the x-axis by $50, scale it by $100. Use relative frequency on the y axis. f. Compare the graph for the singles with the new graph for the couples: i. List two similarities between the graphs. ii. Overall, are the graphs more similar or different? g. How did scaling the couples graph differently change the way you compared it to the singles graph? h. Based on the graphs, do you think that individuals spend the same amount, more or less, as singles as they do person by person as a couple? Explain why in one or two complete sentences.Twenty-five randomly selected students were asked the number of movies they watched the previous week. The results are as follows. Construct a histogram of the data. b. Complete the columns of the chart. Use the following information to answer the next exercises: Suppose one hundred eleven people who shopped in a special t-shirt store were asked the number of t-shirts they own costing more than $19 each.The percentage of people who own at most three t-shirts costing more than 519 each is approximately: a. 21 b. 59 c. 41 d. Cannot be determined If the data were collected by asking the first 111 people who entered the store, then the type of sampling is: a. cluster b. simple random c. stratified d. convenience Following are the 2010 obesity rates by U.S. states and Washington. DC. Construct a bar graph of obesity rates of your state and the four states closest to your state. Hint: Label the x-axis with the states.The median age for U.S. blacks currently is 30.9 years; for U.S. whites it is 42.3 years. a. Based upon this Information, give two reasons is why the black median age could be lower than the white median age. b. Does the lower median age for blacks necessarily mean that blacks die younger than whites? Why or why not? c. How night ft be possible for blacks and whites to die at approximately the same age, but for the median age for whites to be higher?Six hundred adult Americans were asked by telephone poll, "What do you think constitutes a middle-class income?" The results are in Table 2.69. Also, include left endpoint, but not the right endpoint. Salary ($) Relative Frequency < 20,000 0.02 20,00025,000 0.09 25,00030,000 0.19 30,00040,000 0.26 40,00050,000 0.18 50,00075,000 0.17 75,00099,999 0.02 100,000+ 0.01 Table 2.69 a. What percentage of the survey answered "not sure"? b. What percentage think that middle-class is from $25,000 to $50,000? c. Construct a histogram of the data. i. Should all bars have the same width, based on the data? Why or why not? ii. How should the < 20,000 and the 100,000+ intervals be handled? Why? d. Find the 40th and 80th percentiles e. Construct a bar graph of the data Given the following box plot: Figure 2.41 a. which quarter has the smallest spread of data? What is that spread? b. which quarter has the largest spread of data? What is that spread? c. find the interquartile range IIQR). d. are there more data in the interval 5—10 or in the interval 10—13? How do you know this? e. which interval has the fewest data in it? How do you know this? 1. 0—2 ii. 2—4 iii. 10—12 iv. 12—13 need more information The following box plot shows the U.S. population for 1990, the latest available year. Figure 2.42 a. Are there fewer or more children cage 17 and under) than senior citizens (age 65 and over)? How do you know? b. 12.61o are age 65 and over. Appioximately what percentage of the population are working age adults (above age 17 to age 65)?In a survey of 2O-year-olds in China, Germany, and the United States, people re asked the number of foreign counties they had visited In their Lifetime. The following box plots displa the results. Ch.na Figure 2.43 a. In corrplete sentences, describe what the shape of each box plot implies about the distribution of the data collected. b. Have more Arneticans or more Germans surveyed been to over eig1u foreign counties? c. Compare the three box plots. What do they imply about the fozeigi travel of 20-year-old residents of the three counties when compared to each other?Given the following box plot, answer the questions. Figure 2.44 a. Think of an example (in words) where the data might fit into the above box plot. In 2—3 sentences, write down the example. b. What does it mean to have the f list and second quartiles so close together, while the second to third quartiles are far apart?Given the following box plots, answer t* questions. Figure 2.45 a. In complete sentences, explain why each statement is false. I. Data 1 has more data values above two than Data 2 has above two. 11. The data sets cannot have the same mode. iii. For Data 1, there ate more data values below four than there are above four. b. For which group, Data 1 or Data 2, is the value of “7” more likely to be an outher? Explain why in complete sentences.A survey was conducted of 130 purchases of new BMW 3 series cars, 130 purchasers of new BNIVV 5 series cars, and 130 purchasers of new BMW 7 series cars. In it, people were asked the age they were when they purchased their car. The following box plots display the results. Figure 2.46 In complete sentences, describe what the of each box plot implies about the distribution of the data collected for that car series. b. Which group is most likely to have an outlier? Explain how you determined that. c. Compare the three box plots. What do they simply about the age of purchasing a BMW from the series when compared to each other? d. Look at the BMW 5 series. Which quarter has the smallest spread of data? What is the spread? e. Look at the BMW 5 series. Which quarter has the largest spread of data? What is the spread? f. Look at the BMW 5 series. Estimate the interquartile range (IQR). g. Look at the BMW 5 series. Are there more data in the interval 31 to 38 or in the interval 45 to 55? How do you know this? h. Look at the BMW 5 series. Which interval has the fewest data in it? How do you know this? i. 31-35 ii. 38-41 iii. 41-64 Twenty-five randomly selected students were asked the number of movies they watched the previous week. The results are as follows: Construct a box plot of the data.The most obese countries in the world have obesity rates that range from 11.4% to 74.6°o. This data is summarized in the fol1osing table. a. What is the best estimate of the average obesity percentage for these countries? b. The United States has an average obesity rate of 33.9% Is this rate above average or below? c. How does the United States compare to other countries?Table 2.72 gives the percent of children under five considered to be underweight. What is the best estimate for the mean percentage of underweight children?The median age of the U.S. population in 1980 was 30.0 years. In 1991, the median age was 33.1 years. a. What does It mean for the median age to rise? b. Give two reasons why the median age could rise. c. For the median age to rise, is the actual number of children less in 1991 than it was in 1980? Why or why not?Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years A sample of 11 years is taken. About how many are expected to have a FTES of 1014 or above? Explain how you determined your answer.Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years 73% of all years have an FTES: a. at or below: _____ b. at or above: _____Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years The population standard deviation =Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years What percent of the FTES were from 528.5 to 1-14’.5? How do you know?Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years What is the IQR? What does the IQR represent?Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years How many standard deviations away from the mean is the median? Additional Information: The population FTES for 2005—2006 through 2010—2011 was given in an updated report. The data are reported here. Table 2.73 Year 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Total FTES 1,585 1,690 1,735 1,935 2.021 1.890 Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years 100. Calculate the mean, median, standard deviation, the first quartile, the third quartile and the IQR. Round to one decimal place.Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years What additional information is needed to construct a box plot for the FTES for 2005-2006 through 2010-2011 and a box plot for the FTES for 1976-197 through 2004-2005?Use the following information to answer the neat nine exercises: The population parameters below describe the full-time equivalent number of students FFES) each year at Lake Tahoe Community College from 1976—1977 through 2004—2005. • 1000 FTES • median =l,014 FTES 474 FTES • first quartile = 528.5 FTES • third quartile = 1,447.5 FTES • n=29 years Compare the IQR for the FTES for 196— through 2004—2005 with the IQR for the ETES for 2005-2006 througb 2010—2011. Why do you suppose the IQRs are so different?Three students were applying to the same graduate school. They came from schools with different grading systems. Which student had the best GPA when compared to other students at his school? Explain how you determined your answer.A music school has budgeted to purchase three musical instruments. They plan to purchase a piano costing 53,000, a guitar costing 5550, and a drum set costing 5600. The mean cost for a piano is 54,000 with a standaid deviation of 52,500. Tlw mean cost for a guitat Is $500 with a standard deviation of $200. The mean cost for dzums Is $00 with a standard deviation of 5100. Which cost Is the lowest, when compared to other lnstnirnents of the same type? Which cost is the highest when compared to other instruments of the same type. Justify your answer.An elementary school class ran one mile with a mean of II minutes and a standard deviation of three minutes. Rachel, a student In the class, ran one mile in eight minutes. A junior high school class ran one mile with a mean of nine minutes and a standard deviation of two minutes. Kenji, a student In the class, ran 1 mile in 8.5 minutes. A high school class ran one mile with a mean of seven minutes and a standard deviation of four minutes. Nedda, a student in the class, tan one mile in eight minutes. a. Why is Kenji considered a better runner than Nedda, even though Nedda tan faster than he’ b. Who is t1 fastest runner with respect to his or her class? Explain why.The most obese countries in the world have obesity rates that range from 11.4% to 4.6°%. This data is summarized in Table 14. What is the best estimate of the average obesity pet centage for these countries? What is the standard deviation for the listed obesity rates? The United States has an average obesity rate of 33.9%. Is this rate above average or below? How “unusual” is the United States obesity rate compared to the average rate? Explain.Table 2.76 gives the percent of children under five considered to be underweight. What is the best estimate for the mean percentage of underweight children? What is the standard deviation? Which interval(s) could be considered unusual? Explain.Santa, Clara Country, Ca, has approximately 27,873 Japanese-Amercians. Their ages are follows: a. Construct a histogram of the Japanese-American community in Santa Clara County, CA. The bars will not be the same width for this example. Why not? What impact does this have on the reliability of the graph? b. percentage of the community is under age 35? c. Which box plot most resembles the information above?Javier and Ercilia are supervisors at a shopping mall. Each was given the task of estimating the mean distance that shoppers live from the mall. They each randomly surveyed 100 shoppers. The samples yielded the following intimation. a. How can you determine which survey was correct ? b. Explain what the difference in the results of the surveys implies about the data. c. If the two histograms depict the distribution of values for each supervisor, which one depicts Ercilia's sample? How do you know? Figure 2.48 d. If the two plots depict the distribution of values for each supervisor, which one depicts Ercilia's sample? How do you know? Figure 2.49 Use the following information to answer the next three exercises: We are interested in the number of years students in a particular elementary statistics class have lived in California. The information in the following table is from the entire section.What is the IQR? a. 8 b. 11 C. 15 d. 35 What is the mode? a. 19 b. 19.5 c. 1and 20 d. 22.65 Is this a sample or the entire population? a. sample b. entire population c. neither Twenty-five randomly selected students were asked the number of movies they watched the previous week. The results are as follows: a. Find the sample mean x. b. Find the approximate sample standard deviation, s.Forty randomly selected students were asked the number of pairs of sneakers they owned. Let X = the number of pairs of sneakers owned. The results are as follows: a. Find the sample mean x b. Find the sample standard deviation, s c. Construct a histogram of the data. d. Complete the columns of the chart. e. Find the first quartile. f. Find the median. g. Find the third quartile. h. Construct a box plot of the data. I. What percent of the students owned at least five pairs? j. Find the 0th percentile. k. Find the 90th percentile. 1. Construct a line graph of the data m. Construct a stemplot of the data Following are the published weights (in pounds) of all of the team members of the San Francisco 49ers from a previous year. 177; 205; 210; 210; 232; 205; 185; 185; 178; 210; 206; 212; 184; 174; 185; 242; 188; 212; 215; 247; 241; 223; 220; 260; 245; 259; 278; 270; 280; 295; 275; 285; 290; 272; 273; 280; 285; 286; 200; 215; 185; 230; 250; 241; 190; 260; 250; 302; 265; 290; 276; 228; 265 a. Organize the data from smallest to largest value. b. Find the median. c. Find the first quartile. d. Find the third quartile. e. Construct a box plot of the data. f. The middle 50% of the weights are from____to___ . g. If our population were all professional football players, would the above data be a sample of weights or the population of weights? Why? h. If our population included every team member who ever played for the San Francisco 49ers, would the above data be a sample of weights or the population of weights? Why? i. Assume the population was the San Francisco 49ers. Find: i. the population mean, . ii. the population standard deviation, . iii. the weight that is two standard deviations below the mean. iv. When Steve Young, quarterback, played football, he weighed 205 pounds. How many standard deviations above or below the mean was he? j. That same year, the mean weight for the Dallas Cowboys was 240.08 pounds with a standard deviation of 44.38 pounds. Emmit Smith weighed in at 209 pounds. With respect to his team, who was lighter, Smith or Young? How did you determine your answer?One hundred teachers attended a seminar on mathematical problem solving. The attitudes of a representative sample of 12 of the teachers were measured before and after the seminar. A positive number for change in attitude indicates that a teacher’s attitude toward math became more positive. The 12 change scores are as follows: 3;8;-1; 2; 0; 5;-3; 1;-1; 6; 5;-2 a. What is the mean change score? b. What is the standard deviation for this population? C. What Is the median change score? d. Find the change score that is 2.2 standard deviations below the mean.Refer to Figure 2.50 determine which of the following are tnze and which are false. Explain your solution to each pall in complete sentences. Figure 2.50 a. The ndians for all three graphs are the same. b. We cannot determine if any of the means for the three graphs is different. c. The standard deviation for graph b Is larger than the standard deviation for graph a. d. We cannot determine if any of the third quartiles for the three graphs is different.In a recent issue of the IFFF Spectrum, 84 engineering conferences were announced. Four conferences lasted two days. Thirty-six lasted three days. Eighteen lasted four days. Nineteen lasted five days. Four lasted six days. One lasted seven days. One lasted eight days. One lasted nine days. Le X = the length (in days) of an engineering conference. a. Organize the data In a chart. b. Find the median, the first quartile, and the third quartile. c. Find the 65th percentile. d. Find the 10th percentile. e. Construct a box plot of the data. f. The middle 50% of the conferences last from days to days. g. Calculate the sample mean of das of engineering conferences. h. Calculate the sample standard deviation of days of engineering conferences. I. Find the mode. j. If you were planning an engineering conference, which would you choose as the length of the conference: mean; median; or mode? Explain why you made that choice. k. Give two reasons why you think that three to five days seem to be popular lengths of engineering conferences.A survey of enrollment at 35 community colleges across the United States yielded the following figures: 6414; 1550; 2109; 9350; 21828; 4300; 5944; 5722; 2825; 2044; 5.181; 5200; 5853; 2750; 10012; 6357; 27000; 9414; 7681; 3200; 17500; 9200; 7380; 18314; 6557; 13713; 17768; 7493; 2771; 2861; 1263; 7285; 28165; 5080; 11622 a. Oiganize the data into a chart with five intervals of equal width. Label the two columns Eniollment” and “Fiequenc” b. Construct a histogram of the data. c. If you were to build a new community college, siiiCh piece of Infotmation would be more valuable: the mode or the mean? d. Calculate the sample mean. e. Calculate the sample standard deviation. f. A school with an enrolkint of 8000 would be how many standard deviations away from the mean?Use the following information to answer the next two exercises. X = the number of days per week that 100 clients use a particular exercise facility. 120. The 80th percentile is _____ a. 5 b. 80 c. 3 d. 4 Use the following information to answer the not two exercises. X = the number of days per week that 100 clients use a particular exercise facility. Table 2.82 x Frequency 0 3 1 12 2 33 3 28 4 11 5 9 6 4 121. The number that is 1.5 standard deviations BELOW the mean is approximately a. 0.7 b. 4.8 c. —2.8 d. Cannot be det Suppose that a publisher conducted a survey asking adult consumers the number of fiction paperback books they had purchased in the previous month. The results are summarized in the Table 2.83. a. Are there any outliers in the data? Use an appropriate numerical test involving the IQR to identify outliers, if any, and clearly state your conclusion. b. If a data value is identified as an outlier, what should be done about it? c. Are any data values further than two standard deviations away from the mean? In some situations, statisticians may use this criteria to identify data values that are unusual, compared to the other data values. (Note that this criteria is most appropriate to use for data that is mound-shaped and symmetric, rather than for skewed data.) d. Do parts a and c of this problem give the same answer? e. Examine the shape of the data. Which part, a or c, of this question gives a more appropriate result for this data? f. Based on the shape of the data which is the most appropriate measure of center for this data; mean, median or mode?The sample space S Is all the ordered pairs of two whole numbers, the first from one to three and the second from one to four (Example: (1, 4)). a. St _____________________ Let event A = the sum Is even and event B = the first number Is prime. b. A= ______________ c. P(A)= _____________ d. AANDB= .AORB _____ ___ e. P(A AND B) ______, P(A OR B) = _________ f. B’ ___________ ___________ g. P(A) + P(A’) = ___________ h. P(AB) = __________, PBA) = : are the probabilities equal?You have a fair. well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. It consists of four suits. The suits are clubs, diamonds, hearts and spades. There are 13 cards In each suit consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4. 5.6, 78,9, 10, J (Jack), Q (queen). K (king) of that suit. Three cards are picked at random. a. Suppose you know that the picked cards are Q of spades. K of hearts and Q of spades. Can you decide If the sampling was with or without replacement? b. Suppose you know that the picked cards are Q of spades, K of hearts, and I of spades. Can you decide if the sampling was with or without replacement?You have a fair, well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. It consists of four suits. The suits are clubs, diamonds, hearts, and spades. There are 13 cards in each suit consisting of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J (Jack), Q (queen), and K (king) of that suit. S = spades, H = Hearts, D Diamonds. C = Clubs. Suppose that you sample four cards without replacement. Which of the following outcomes are possible? Answer the same question for sampling with replacement. a. QS, ID. IC, QD b. KH, 7D, 6D, KH c. QS, 7D, 6D, KS Draw two cards from a standard 52-card deck with replacement. Find the probability of getting at least one black card.A box has two balls, one white and one red. We select one ball, put ft back in the box, and select a second ball (sampling with replacement). Find the pobab1l1t of the following events: a. Let F the event of getting the white ball twice. b. Let G = the event of getting two balls of different colors. c. Let H = the event of getting white on the first pick. d. Are F and G mutually exclusive? e. Are G and H mutually exclusive?Let event A = learning Spanish. Let event B = learning German. Then A AND B = learning Spanish and German. Suppose P(A) = 0.4 and P(B) = 0.2. P(A AND B) 0.08. Are events A and B Independent? Hint: You must show ONE of the following: • P(AB)=P(A) • P(BA)P(B) • P(AANDB)=P(A)P(B)In a bag, there are six red marbles and four green marbles. The red marbles are marked sith the numbers 1.2,3, 4, 5, and 6. The green marbles are marked with the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4. • R a red marble • G=a green marble • 0= an odd-numbered marble • The sample space Is S = {R1, R2. R3, R4. R5, R6, G1, G2, G3, G4). S has ten outcomes. What Is P(G AND O)?A student goes to the library. Let events B = the student checks out a book and D = the student checks out a DVD. Suppose that P(B) = 0.40, P(D) = 0.30 and PB AND D) = 0.20. a. Find F(B|D). b. Find P(D|B). c. Are B and D independent? d. Are B and D mutually exclusive?In a basketball arena, • 70% of the fans are rooting for the home team. • 25% of the fans are wearing blue. • 20% of the fans ate wearing blue and are rooting for the away team. • Of the fans rooting for the away team, 67% are wearing blue. Let A be the event that a fan Is rooting for the away team. Let B be the event that a fan Is wearing blue. Are the events of rooting for the away team and wearing blue independent? Are they mutually exclusive?Mark Is deciding which route to take to work. His choices are I = the Interstate and F = Fifth Street. • P(10.4 and P(F) = 0.56 • P(I AND F) =0 because Mark will take only one route to work. What is the probability of P( I OR F)?A box has two balls, one white and one red. We select one ball, put it back in the box, and select a second ball (sampling with replacement). Let T be the event of getting the white ball twice, F the event of picking the white ball first, S the event of picking the white ball In the second drawing. a. Compute P( T). b. Compute P( TF). c. Ate T and F independent?. d. Are F and S mutually exclusive? e. Are F and S Independent?Helen plays basketball. For free throws she makes the shot 75% of the time. Helen must now attempt two free throws. C = the event that Helen makes the first shot. P(C) = 0.75. D = the event Helen makes the second shot. P(D) 0.75. The probability that Helen makes the second free throw given that she made the first is 0.85. What is the probability that Helen makes both free throws?A school has 200 seniors of whom 140 will be going to college next year. Forty will be going directly to work The remainder are taking a gap year. Fifty of the seniors going to college play sports. Thirty of the seniors going directly to work play sports. Five of the seniors taking a gap year play sports. What Is the probability that a senior is taking a gap year?A student goes to the library. Let events B = the student checks out a book and D = the student check out a DVD. Suppose that P(B) = 0.40. P(D) = 0.30 and PDB = 0.5. a. Find P (B AND D). b. Find P (B OR D).A school has 200 seniors of whom 140 will be going to college next year. Forty will be going directly to work. The remainder are taking a gap year. Fifty of the seniors going to college play sports. Thirty of the seniors going directly to work play sports. Five of the seniors taking a gap year play sports. What is the probability that a senior is going to college and plays sports?A student goes to the library Let events B = the student checks out a book and D = the student checks out a DVD. Suppose that P(B 0.40, P(D) = 0.30 and P(DB) = 0.5. a. Find P(B). b. Find P(D AND B). c. Find P(BD). d. Find P(D AND B). e. Find P(DB’).Table 3.3 shows the number of athletes who stretch before exercising and how many had injuries within the past year. Table 3.3 a. What is (athiete streicues before exercising)?b. What is P( athlete stretches before exercising no Injun’ In the last year)? Injury In last year No Injury In last year Total Stretches 55 295 350 Does not stretch 231 219 450 Total 286 514 800 Table 3.6 shows a random sample of 200 cyclists and the routes the prefer. Let M = males and H = hilly path. Table 3.6 a. Out of the males, what Is the probability that the cyclist prefers a hilly path? b. Are the events be1ng male’ and preferring the hilly path’ Independent events? Gender Lake Path Hilly Path Wooded Path Total Female 45 38 27 110 Male 26 52 12 90 Total 71 90 39 200 Table 3.10 relates the weights and heights of a group of Individuals participating in an observational study. Table 3.10 a. Find the total for each row and column b. Find the probability that a randomly chosen Individual from this group Is Tall. c. Find the probability that a randomly chosen Individual from this group Is Obese and Tall. d. Find the probability that a randomly chosen Individual from this group Is Tall given that the individual is Obese. e. Find the probability that a randomly chosen individual from this group Is Obese given that the individual is Tall. f. Find the probability a randomly chosen individual from this group is Tall and Underweight. g. Are the events Obese and Tall independent? Weight/Height Tall Medium Short Totals Obese 18 28 14 Normal 20 51 28 Underweight 12 25 9 Totals In a standard deck. there are 52 cards. 12 cards are face cards (event F) and JO cards are not face cards (event N). Draw two cards, one at a time, with replacement. All possible outcomes are shown in the tree diagram as frequencies. Using the tree diagram, calculate P(FF). Figure 3.3 In a standard deck, there are 52 cards. Twelve cards are face cards (F) and .10 cards are not face cards (N). Draw two cards, one at a time, without replacement. The tree diagram Is labeled with all possible probabilities. Figure 3.5 a. Find P(FN OR NF). b. Find PN]F). c. Find P(at most one face card). Hint: “At most one face card” means zero or one face card. d. Find P(at least on face card). Hint: “At least one face card means one or two face cards.Suppose there are four red balls and three yellow balls in a box. Two balls are drawn from the box without replacement. What is the probablity that one ball of each coloring is selected?Suppose an experiment has outcomes black, white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple, where each outcome has an equal chance of occurring. Let event C = (green. blue, purple) and event P = (red, yellow, blue). Then C AND P (blue) and C OR P = (green, blue, purple, red, yellow). Draw a Venn diagram representing this situation.Roll a fair, six-sided die. Let A = a prime number of dos Is rolled. Let B = an odd number of dots is rolled. Then A = (2, 3, 5) and B = (1, 3, 5). Therefore. A A.\1) B = (3, 5). A OR B = (1, 2, 3. 5). The sample space for rolling a fair die is S = (1, 2, 3,4, 5,6). Draw a Venn diagram representing this situation.Fifty percent of the workers at a factory work a second job. 25% have a spouse who also works, 5% work a second job and have a spouse who also works. Draw a Venn diagram showing the relationships. Let W = works a second Job and S = spouse also works.In a bookstore, the probability that the customer buys a novel is 0.6, and the probability that the customer buys a non-fiction book is 0.4. Suppose that the probability that the customer buys both is 0.2. a. Draw a Venn diagram representing the situation. b. Find the probability that the customer buys either a novel or anon-fiction book. c. In the Venn diagram, describe the overlapping area using a complete sentence. d. Suppose that some customers buy only compact disks. Draw an oval in your Venn diagram representing this event.In a particular college class, there are male and female students. Some students have long hair and some students have short hair. Wr1te the symbols for the probabilities of the events for parts a through J. (Note that you cannot find numerical answers here. You were not given enough information to find any probability values yet: concentrate on understanding the symbols.) • Let F be the event that a student is female. • Let M be the event that a student is male. • Let S be the event that a student has short hair. • Let L be the event that a student has long hair. a. The probability that a student does not have long hair. b. The probability that a student is male or has short hair. c. The probability that a student is a female and has long hair. d. The probability that a student is male, given that the student has long hair. e. The probability that a student has long hair, given that the student is male. f. Of all the female students, the probability that a student has short hair. g. Of all students with long hair, the probability that a student is female. h. The probability that a student is female or has long hair. 1. The probability that a randomly selected student Is a male student with short hair. J. The probability that a student is female.Use (he following information to answer the next four exercises. A box Is filled with several party favors. It contains 12 hats, 15 noisemakers, ten finger traps, and five bags of confetti. Let H: the event of getting a hat. Let N = the event of getting a noisemaker. Let F = the event of getting a finger trap. Let C = the event of getting a bag of confetti. 2. Find P(H)Use (he following information to answer the next four exercises. A box Is filled with several party favors. It contains 12 hats, 15 noisemakers, ten finger traps, and five bags of confetti. Let H: the event of getting a hat. Let N = the event of getting a noisemaker. Let F = the event of getting a finger trap. Let C = the event of getting a bag of confetti. Find P(N)Use (he following information to answer the next four exercises. A box Is filled with several party favors. It contains 12 hats, 15 noisemakers, ten finger traps, and five bags of confetti. Let H: the event of getting a hat. Let N = the event of getting a noisemaker. Let F = the event of getting a finger trap. Let C = the event of getting a bag of confetti. 4. Find P(F)Use (he following information to answer the next four exercises. A box Is filled with several party favors. It contains 12 hats, 15 noisemakers, ten finger traps, and five bags of confetti. Let H: the event of getting a hat. Let N = the event of getting a noisemaker. Let F = the event of getting a finger trap. Let C = the event of getting a bag of confetti. Find P(C)Use the following information to answer the next six exercises. A jar of 150 jelly beans contains 22 red jelly beans. 38 yellow, 20 green. 28 purple. 26 blue, and the rest are orange. Let B = the event of getting a blue jelly bean Let G = the event of getting a green jelly bean. Let 0 = the event of getting an orange jelly bean. Let P the event of getting a purple jelly bean. Let R = the event of getting a red Jelly bean Let Y = the event of getting a yellow jelly bean. 6. Find P(B).Use the following information to answer the next six exercises. A jar of 150 jelly beans contains 22 red jelly beans. 38 yellow, 20 green. 28 purple. 26 blue, and the rest are orange. Let B = the event of getting a blue jelly bean Let G = the event of getting a green jelly bean. Let 0 = the event of getting an orange jelly bean. Let P the event of getting a purple jelly bean. Let R = the event of getting a red Jelly bean Let Y = the event of getting a yellow jelly bean. Find P(G).Use the following information to answer the next six exercises. A jar of 150 jelly beans contains 22 red jelly beans. 38 yellow, 20 green. 28 purple. 26 blue, and the rest are orange. Let B = the event of getting a blue jelly bean Let G = the event of getting a green jelly bean. Let O = the event of getting an orange jelly bean. Let P the event of getting a purple jelly bean. Let R = the event of getting a red Jelly bean Let Y = the event of getting a yellow jelly bean. 8. Find P(P).Use the following information to answer the next six exercises. A jar of 150 jelly beans contains 22 red jelly beans. 38 yellow, 20 green. 28 purple. 26 blue, and the rest are orange. Let B = the event of getting a blue jelly bean Let G = the event of getting a green jelly bean. Let O = the event of getting an orange jelly bean. Let P the event of getting a purple jelly bean. Let R = the event of getting a red Jelly bean Let Y = the event of getting a yellow jelly bean. Find P(R).Use the following information to answer the next six exercises. A jar of 150 jelly beans contains 22 red jelly beans. 38 yellow, 20 green. 28 purple. 26 blue, and the rest are orange. Let B = the event of getting a blue jelly bean Let G = the event of getting a green jelly bean. Let O = the event of getting an orange jelly bean. Let P the event of getting a purple jelly bean. Let R = the event of getting a red Jelly bean Let Y = the event of getting a yellow jelly bean. 10. Find P(Y).Use the following information to answer the next six exercises. A jar of 150 jelly beans contains 22 red jelly beans. 38 yellow, 20 green. 28 purple. 26 blue, and the rest are orange. Let B = the event of getting a blue jelly bean Let G = the event of getting a green jelly bean. Let O = the event of getting an orange jelly bean. Let P the event of getting a purple jelly bean. Let R = the event of getting a red Jelly bean Let Y = the event of getting a yellow jelly bean. 11. Find P(O).Use the following information to answer the next six exercises. There are 23 countries in North America, 12 countries In South America. 7 countries In Europe, .4.4 countries in Africa, and Oceania (pacific region). Let A = the event that a country is In Asia. Let E the event that a country is In Europe. Let F = he event that a country Is In Attica. Let N = the event that a country is In North America. Let 0 = the event that a country is In Oceania. Let S = the event that a country is In South America. Find P(A).

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