Chapter 8, Problem 59A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Defining Pi bonds.

Concept Interpretation:

Covalent bonds of the kinds sigma and pi differ in how their overlapping atomic orbitals are arranged. Through the overlapping of these atomic orbitals, covalent bonds are created.

Answer to Problem 59A

Pi bonds are covalent chemical bonds in which two atomic orbital lobes from the same atom are laterally overlapping with two atomic orbital lobes from another atom.

Explanation of Solution

Pi-bond is formed by the side-by-side overlap of two half-filled $\text{p}$ -orbitals. Electrons in the pi bond are in the region above and below the bond. Atomic orbital axes are perpendicular to the internuclear axis when they overlap, but they are parallel to one another when bonds are formed. The diagram is illtreated below.

  

$\text{p}$

Due to less overlapping, pi bonds are often weaker than sigma bonds. It is significant to remember that a sigma-pi bond combination is always stronger than a single sigma bond.

Conclusion

Hence, the pi-bond is formed by the side-by-side overlap of two half-filled $\text{p}$ -orbitals. Electrons in the pi bond are in the region above and below the bond.