Chapter 8.3, Problem 21LC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The relation between atomic and molecular orbitals needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction: Atomic orbitals are defined as mathematical functions that explain the wave behavior of an electron around the nucleus. The type of atomic orbital depends on the values of principle, azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers. An atomic orbital can maximum have two electrons with opposite spins. On the other hand, molecular orbitals are mathematical functions that explain the wave behavior of an electron in a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic orbitals and molecular orbitals both are mathematical functions that represent the wave nature of an electron. In the case of atomic orbital, the electron belongs to an atom but in the case of molecular orbital, the electron belongs to a molecule.

Thus, there is a difference between an atomic and molecular orbital. Here, for any particular atom, the electron density in space is represented by atomic orbitals but molecular orbitals represent the electron density of the entire molecule. In this case, there is delocalization of electron density over more than one atom.