
(a)
Interpretation:
The electrons shared by sulfur to achieve an octet of electrons.
Concept introduction:
The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their valance shells.
(a)

Answer to Problem 57A
Sulfur is a chemical element having the symbol of
Explanation of Solution
Sulfur forms two covalent bonds by using its two unpaired electrons with the four electrons from its two lone pairs, which makes a total number of eight electrons. Hence, sulfur follows the octet rule.
(b)
Interpretation:
The electrons shared by carbon to achieve an octet of electrons
Concept Interpretation:
The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their valance shells.
(b)

Answer to Problem 57A
Carbons make four covalent bonds where it shares four pair of electrons.
Explanation of Solution
By sharing four pairs of electrons through the formation of four covalent bonds, carbon fills its outer energy level and achieves stability. Hence, it fulfills the octet rule.
(c)
Interpretation:
The electrons shared by Nitrogen to achieve an octet of electrons.
Concept Interpretation:
The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their valance shells.
(c)

Answer to Problem 57A
Three covalent bonds are formed when nitrogen shares its three electrons.
Explanation of Solution
Nitrogen has
(d)
Interpretation:
The electrons shared by Bromine to achieve an octet of electrons.
Concept Interpretation:
The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their valance shells.
(d)

Answer to Problem 57A
Bromine can form one covalent bond as it requires only one electron to complete its octet.
Explanation of Solution
Bromine atoms contain
(e)
Interpretation:
The electrons shared by Iodine to achieve an octet of electrons.
Concept Interpretation:
The octet rule states that atoms are most stable when they have eight electrons in their valance shells.
(e)

Answer to Problem 57A
Iodine normally only forms one covalent bond due to its seven valence electrons.
Explanation of Solution
Iodine normally only forms one covalent bond due to its seven-valence electron it is a diatomic molecule.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry 2012 Student Edition (hard Cover) Grade 11
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