Chapter 7, Problem 89A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The property of malleability and ductility needs to be explained based on metallic bonding.

Concept introduction:

The bonding between two or more atoms, molecules or ions results in chemical bonding. In this, the forces of attraction hold the atoms, molecules or ions together that is stabilized by overall loss of energy.

Answer to Problem 89A

The metallic bonds are those which have metal ions in sea of electrons which will move in direction of the force applied and hence said to be malleable and ductile.

Explanation of Solution

Metallic bonds are formed as a result of overlapping of electronic orbitals. The electrons present in the electronic orbitals are shared between the atoms. The vacant p and d orbitals in outer energy levels of a metal allows the free movement of electrons. In other words, this sea of electrons (negatively charged) attract positive kernels and is the main reason for conductivity, malleability and the metallic bonding in a metal.

The positive ion (kernels) that flows in the negatively charged sea of electrons is the main reason of metallic bonding.

Hence, when metals are beaten these delocalized electrons moves in the direction of the force applied and therefore can be beaten to sheets or rolled into wires easily.

The property of positively charged ions to move from one place to another in the negatively charged sea makes the metal malleable and ductile. Each metal have a different tendency to be drawn into wires or beaten into sheets as per the movement of these kernels.

Conclusion

The metallic bonds are those which have metal ions in sea of electrons which will move in direction of the force applied and hence said to be malleable and ductile.