Chapter 6, Problem 68A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The two ways to define an atomic radius needs to be shown. When each method is used needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The atomic radius of a particular element is the measure of the atoms size. It can also be defined as the distance between the nucleus of the element to its boundary.

Answer to Problem 68A

Diagram (a) indicates that the atomic radius of a given metal can be defined as half the distance between two adjacent atoms in the crystal and in diagram (b) indicates that the atomic radius of a given non-metal can determined from a molecule of two identical atoms.

Explanation of Solution

Diagram (a) indicates that the atomic radius of a given metal can be defined as half the distance between two adjacent atoms in the crystal.

An example of it is, in Sodium atoms, the atomic radius is the one-half distance between the centers of the adjacent atoms.

Diagram (b) indicates that the atomic radius of a given non-metal can determined from a molecule of two identical atoms.

An example is, in H₂molecule, the atomic radius can be determined from a molecule of two identical Hydrogen atoms.

Conclusion

In metals, the atomic radius can be defined as half the distance between two adjacent atoms in the crystal and in non-metal the atomic radius can be determined from a molecule of two identical atoms.