Chapter 6, Problem 88A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A notation for all the other groups of the representative elements needs to be determined like given for group 1.

Concept introduction:

The outer-electron configurations of elements in a group define the number of valence electrons and their arrangement.

Answer to Problem 88A

Outer electronic configuration of 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 are $n{s}^1$, $n{s}^2$, $n{s}^{2}n{p}^1$, $n{s}^{2}n{p}^2$, $n{s}^{2}n{p}^3$, $n{s}^{2}n{p}^4$ $n{s}^{2}n{p}^5$ and $n{s}^{2}n{p}^6$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Group 1, except hydrogen is called alkali metals. There valence electronic configurations are $n{s}^1$. Here n is period number. Group II consists of six elements. The valence electronic configuration of group II elements is $n{s}^2$. Group 13 to 18 are p block elements. P-block elements as the last differentiating electron enter np orbital. Electronic configuration of 13 group elements is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^1$. Outer electronic configuration of 14 group elements is $n{s}^{2}n{p}^2$. Outer electronic configuration of 15, 16, 17 and 18 are $n{s}^{2}n{p}^3$, $n{s}^{2}n{p}^4$ $n{s}^{2}n{p}^5$, $n{s}^{2}n{p}^6$ respectively.

Conclusion

Thus, the general outer electronic configuration of groups is $n{s}^{0-2}n{p}^{0-6}$.