Chapter 6, Problem 14STP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason behind the biggest jump in ionization energy to the number of valence electrons in each atom needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The minimum energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electrons from a neutral isolated gas atom in its ground state to form a cation is called the ionization energy.

Answer to Problem 14STP

The magnitude of jump in ionization energy is significantly greater than in elements with more valence electrons because of increase of attractive force experienced by electrons from the nucleus.

Explanation of Solution

From Lithium to Carbon, there is a jump of ionization energy. So, elements with higher valence electrons have more ionization energy because of the higher attractive force experienced by the electrons from the nucleus. This is because of increase of nuclear charge and electrons are entering in the same valence shell. Therefore the magnitude of jump in ionization energy is significantly greater than in elements with more valence electrons.

Conclusion

The electrons in the valence shell experience a large attractive force by nucleus which results in increase of ionization energy.