Chapter 6, Problem 53A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The arrangement of valence electrons in the transition element and representative elements needs to be shown using examples.

Concept introduction:

Electronic configuration of an element is the arrangement of elements in different orbitals like s, p, d, f. The filling of the electrons in the orbitals follow the Aufbau Principle.

Answer to Problem 53A

Nickel (transition element) has valence electrons in both third and the fourth energy levels, while Fluorine (representative element) has valence electrons only in the second energy level.

Explanation of Solution

A representative element is Fluorine has electronic configuration 1s²2s² 2p⁵. The transition element Nickel has electronic configuration 1s²2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁸.

From the electronic configuration one can say that in nickel, the valence electrons are placed in both third and the fourth energy levels. The valence electrons in Fluorine are placed only in the second energy level.

Conclusion

Thus, the location of electrons in the orbitals for transition and representative elements is different.