Explanation The residual stresses are the result of non-uniformity in the temperature observed. If the temperature changes occur uniformly throughout a part, all of theassociated dimensional changes occur simultaneously and the resultant product becomes free of residual stresses. Most of the parts being heat-treated, however, experiencenonuniform temperatures during the cooling or quenching operation. Considera block of hot aluminum being cooled by water sprays from top and bottom. Forsimplicity, let us model the block as a three-layer sandwich. At the start of the quench, all layers are uniformly hot. As the water spraybegins, the surface layers cool and contract, but the center layer does not experience thequench and remains hot. Because the part is actually one piece, however, the variouslayers must accommodate each other. The contracting surface layers exert compressiveforces on the hot, weak interior, causing it to also contract, but by plastic deformationnot thermal contraction. As time passes, the interior now cools and wants to thermallycontract but finds itself sandwiched between the cold, strong surface layers. It pulls onthe surface layers, placing them in compression, while the surface layers restrict itsmovement, creating tension in the interior. While the net force is zero (because thereis no applied load), counterbalancing tension and compression stresses exist withinthe product...

Degarmo's Materials And Processes In Manufacturing

13th Edition

ISBN: 9781119492825

Author: Black, J. Temple, Kohser, Ronald A., Author.

Publisher: Wiley,

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Chapter 5, Problem 58RQ

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The reason ofdifference in residual stresses in steel and an identically processed aluminum part.

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Chapter 5 Solutions

Degarmo's Materials And Processes In Manufacturing

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The reason ofdifference in residual stresses in steel and an identically processed aluminum part.

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