Chapter 4.1, Problem 1SSC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:  The methods used by the Greek philosophers and Dalton needs to be compared for studying the atom.

Concept introduction:  An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down by chemicals. It made completely of one type of atom. Atom is the smallest particle in the element that can neither be created nor destroyed.

Answer to Problem 1SSC

Dalton was able to prove his hypothesis with the experiments, whereas Greek philosophers failed to do so.

Explanation of Solution

Many Greek philosophers believed that matter was made up of four elements: earth, air, water and fire. They associated the opposite properties with elements. They paired hot and cold, wet and dry. These ideas were nothing but hypothesis and thus could non-scientific. Democritus proposed the idea that matter is composed of small particles atomos or atoms that move in empty space but was unable to prove. Aristotle believed that empty space does not exist and matter is made of earth, fire, air and water.

Dalton believed that the matter is composed of small particles called atoms. It is indivisible and indestructible. They are identical in size, mass and chemical properties. He was able to come to the conclusion by performing experiments. His theory today is known as Dalton’s atomic theory.

Thus, Greek philosophers were unable to conduct experiments to verify their hypothesis while Dalton made careful measurements.

Conclusion

Thus, Greek philosophers were unable to conduct experiments to verify their hypothesis while Dalton made careful measurements.