Chapter 4, Problem 37A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The main points of Dalton’s atomic theory are to be written. Also, the parts of Dalton’s theory that were later proved wrong are to be discussed with reason.

Concept introduction:

Any substance that has mass and occupies space by having a fixed volume is matter. Everything that exists is a matter, table, chair, coins, etc. Atomic theories state that all the matter is composed of atoms that are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons.

Answer to Problem 37A

Dalton’s atomic theory explains that mass is conserved as the atom is indestructible. And in chemical reactions, only separation, combination and rearrangement of atoms take place.

Explanation of Solution

Dalton’s theory of atoms states that:

• Atom is the smallest component of the substance that binds together to form matter.

• Atom can neither be created nor destroyed into further parts.

• All the atoms of the same elements have the same size, mass and chemical properties.

• Atoms of one element are different from the atoms of other elements.

• Chemical reactions cause atoms to separate from each other or to combine.

Dalton’s atomic theory easily describes that the conservation of mass in chemical reactions occurs due to the separation, combination, or rearrangement of atoms that are neither created, nor destroyed, or divided during the process. The number of atoms of each type is the same before and after the reaction.

Conclusion

Dalton’s atomic theory explains that mass is conserved as the atom is indestructible or cannot be created either. And in chemical reactions, only separation, combination and rearrangement of atoms take place.