Chapter 4, Problem 90A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The flaws of Dalton’s theory and latest version of the atomic structure needs to be explained.

Concept introduction: 

Dalton’s Theory does not explain the different types of an atom having isotopes and atomic mass property. It does not define the subatomic particles.

The new theory of the atom consists of three subatomic particles. It gives the term nucleus where the neutron and protons are present.

Answer to Problem 90A

Dalton’s theory failed to explain how the atoms of different elements differ from each other, and could not explain the atomic combination to form molecules. 

The new atomic model has the atomic feature and the important character of the atom and subatomic particles.

Explanation of Solution

Dalton’s theory has some drawbacks that are listed as-

• Atom is indivisible but it is not exactly like that. Atom is further divisible into small subatomic particles.
• This theory does not explain about the isotopes of the elements.
• The combination of the elements to form different types of compounds and molecules are not explained.
• This theory is not differentiated between the particles that are participating in a chemical reaction or maybe in free form.

The key point of the new atomic model theory given as-

• An atom consists of three main subatomic particles that are the proton, neutron, and the electron.
• The neutrons and protons come together and are known as a nuclide. They are present in the atomic nucleus.
• The larger portion of the atom is free space around the nucleus where electrons are present.

Conclusion

The Dalton’s Atomic Theory does not explain the characteristics points of an atom and their subatomic particles properly.