Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780470917855
Author: Bergman, Theodore L./
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Chapter 3, Problem 3.7P

The walls of a refrigerator are typically constructed by sandwiching a layer of insulation between sheet metal panels. Consider a wall made from fiberglass insulation of thermal conductivity k i = 0.046 W/m K and thickness L i = 50 mm and steel panels, each of thermal conductivity k p = 60 W/m K and thickness L p = 3 mm . If the wall separates refrigerated air at T , i = 4 ° C from ambient air at T , ρ = 25 ° C, what is the heat gain per unit surface area? Coefficients associated with natural convection at the inner and outer surfaces may be approximated as h i = h o = 5 W/m 2 K .

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Q1. Consider a plane wall (thermal conductivity, k = 0.8 W/mK, and thickness, fb1 = 100 mm) of a house as shown in Fig. Q1(a). The outer surface of the wall is exposed to solar radiation and has an absorptivity of a = 0.5 for solar energy, or=600 W/m². The temperature of the interior of the house is maintained at T1 = 25 °C, while the ambient air temperature outside remains at T2 = 5 °C. The sky, the ground and the surfaces of the surrounding structures at this location can be modelled as a surface at an effective temperature of Tsky = 255 K for radiation exchange on the outer surface. The radiation exchange inside the house is negligible. The convection heat transfer coefficients on the inner and the outer surfaces of the wall are h₁ = 5 W/m²-K and /1₂ = 20 W/m².K, respectively. The emissivity of the outer surface is = 0.9. T1 = 25 °C Ţ₁ Too1 = 25 °C T₁ k 100 mm Fig. Q1(a) Assuming the heat transfer through the wall to be steady and one-dimensional: (a) Solve the steady 1D heat…
Q1/ Consider a large plane wall of thickness L=0.03 m. The wall surface at x =0 is insulated, while the surface at x =L is maintained at a temperature of 30°C. The thermal conductivity of the wall is k=25 W/m °C, and heat is generated in the wall at a rate of g = 9oe0.5x/L W/m³ Where g, = 8 x 10 W /m². Assuming steady one-dimensional heat transfer, (a) express the differential equation and the boundary conditions for heat conduction through the wall, (b) obtain a relation for the variation of temperature in the wall by solving the differential equation, and (c) determine the temperature of the insulated surface of the wall.
= Consider a large plane wall of thickness L=0.3 m, thermal conductivity k = 2.5 W/m.K, and surface area A = 12 m². The left side of the wall at x=0 is subjected to a net heat flux of ɖo = 700 W/m² while the temperature at that surface is measured to be T₁ = 80°C. Assuming constant thermal conductivity and no heat generation in the wall, (a) express the differential equation and the boundary equations for steady one- dimensional heat conduction through the wall, (b) obtain a relation for the variation of the temperature in the wall by solving the differential equation, and (c) evaluate the temperature of the right surface of the wall at x=L. Ti до L X

Chapter 3 Solutions

Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer

Ch. 3 - Determine the thermal conductivity of the carbon...Ch. 3 - A thermopane window consists of two pieces of...Ch. 3 - A house has a composite wall of wood, fiberglass...Ch. 3 - Consider the composite wall of Problem 3.13 under...Ch. 3 - Consider a composite wall that includes an...Ch. 3 - Work Problem 3.15 assuming surfaces parallel to...Ch. 3 - Consider the oven of Problem 1.54. The walls of...Ch. 3 - The composite wall of an oven consists of three...Ch. 3 - The wall of a drying oven is constructed by...Ch. 3 - The t=4-mm-thick glass windows of an automobile...Ch. 3 - The thermal characteristics of a small, dormitory...Ch. 3 - In the design of buildings, energy conservation...Ch. 3 - When raised to very high temperatures. many...Ch. 3 - A firefighter's protective clothing, referred to...Ch. 3 - A particular thermal system involves three objects...Ch. 3 - A composite wall separates combustion gases at...Ch. 3 - Approximately 106 discrete electrical components...Ch. 3 - Two stainless steel plates 10 mm thick are...Ch. 3 - Consider a plane composite wall that is composed...Ch. 3 - The performance of gas turbine engines may be...Ch. 3 - A commercial grade cubical freezer, 3 m on a side,...Ch. 3 - Physicists have determined the theoretical value...Ch. 3 - Consider a power transistor encapsulated in an...Ch. 3 - Ring-porous woods, such as oak, are characterized...Ch. 3 - A batt of glass fiber insulation is of density...Ch. 3 - Air usually constitutes up to half of the volume...Ch. 3 - Determine the density, specific heat, and thermal...Ch. 3 - A one-dimensional plane wall of thickness L is...Ch. 3 - The diagram shows a conical section fabricated...Ch. 3 - A truncated solid cone is of circular cross...Ch. 3 - From Figure 2.5 it is evident that, over a wide...Ch. 3 - Consider a tube wall of inner and outer radii ri...Ch. 3 - Measurements show that steady-state conduction...Ch. 3 - A device used to measure the surface temperature...Ch. 3 - A steam pipe of 0.12-m outside diameter is...Ch. 3 - Consider the water heater described in Problem...Ch. 3 - To maximize production and minimize pumping costs....Ch. 3 - A thin electrical heater is wrapped around the...Ch. 3 - A stainless steel (AISI 304) tube used to...Ch. 3 - A thin electrical heater is inserted between a...Ch. 3 - A 2-mm-diameter electrical wire is insulated by a...Ch. 3 - Electric current flows through a long rod...Ch. 3 - A composite cylindrical wall is composed of two...Ch. 3 - An electrical current of 700 A flows through a...Ch. 3 - A 0.20-m-diameter. thin-walled steel pipe is used...Ch. 3 - An uninsulated. thin-walled pipe of 100-mm...Ch. 3 - Steam flowing through a long. thin-walled pipe...Ch. 3 - A storage tank consists of a cylindrical section...Ch. 3 - Consider the liquid oxygen storage system and the...Ch. 3 - A spherical Pyrex glass shell has inside and...Ch. 3 - In Example 3.6. an expression was derived for the...Ch. 3 - A hollow aluminum sphere. with an electrical...Ch. 3 - A spherical tank for storing liquid oxygen on the...Ch. 3 - A spherical, cryosurgical probe may be imbedded in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.70PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.71PCh. 3 - A composite spherical shell of inner radius...Ch. 3 - The energy transferred from the anterior chamber...Ch. 3 - The outer surface of a hollow sphere of radius r2...Ch. 3 - A spherical shell of inner and outer radii r1 and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.76PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.77PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.78PCh. 3 - The air inside a chamber at T,i=50C is heated...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.80PCh. 3 - A plane wall of thickness 0.1 m and thermal...Ch. 3 - Large, cylindrical bales of hay used to feed...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.83PCh. 3 - Consider one-dimensional conduction in a plane...Ch. 3 - Consider a plane composite wall that is composed...Ch. 3 - An air heater may be fabricated by coiling...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.87PCh. 3 - Consider uniform thermal energy generation inside...Ch. 3 - A plane wall of thickness and thermal conductivity...Ch. 3 - A nuclear fuel element of thickness 21, is covered...Ch. 3 - In Problem 3.79 the strip heater acts to guard...Ch. 3 - The exposed surface (x=0) of a plane wall of...Ch. 3 - A quartz window of thickness L serves as a viewing...Ch. 3 - For the conditions described in Problem 1.44....Ch. 3 - A cylindrical shell of inner and outer radii, ri...Ch. 3 - The cross section of a long cylindrical fuel...Ch. 3 - A long cylindrical rod of diameter 200 mm with...Ch. 3 - A radioactive material of thermal conductivity k...Ch. 3 - Radioactive wastes are packed in a thin-walled...Ch. 3 - Radioactive wastes (ktw=20W/mK) are stored in a...Ch. 3 - Unique characteristics of biologically active...Ch. 3 - Consider the plane wall, long cylinder, and sphere...Ch. 3 - One method that is used to grow nanowires...Ch. 3 - Consider the manufacture of photovoltaic silicon,...Ch. 3 - Copper tubing is joined to a solar collector plate...Ch. 3 - A thin flat plate of length L thickness t. and...Ch. 3 - The temperature of a flowing gas is to be measured...Ch. 3 - A thin metallic wire of thermal conductivity k,...Ch. 3 - A motor draws electric power Pelec from a supply...Ch. 3 - Consider the fuel cell stack of Problem 158. The...Ch. 3 - Consider a rod of diameter D, thermal conductivity...Ch. 3 - A carbon nanotube is suspended across a trench of...Ch. 3 - A probe of overall length L=200mm and diameter...Ch. 3 - A metal rod of length 2L diameter D, and thermal...Ch. 3 - A very long rod of 5-mm diameter and uniform...Ch. 3 - From Problem 1.71, consider the wire leads...Ch. 3 - Turbine blades mounted to a rotating disc in a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.127PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.128PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.129PCh. 3 - A brass rod 100 mm long and 5 mm in diameter...Ch. 3 - The extent to which the tip condition affects the...Ch. 3 - A pin fin of uniform. cross-sectional area is...Ch. 3 - The extent to which the tip condition affects the...Ch. 3 - A straight tin fabricated from 2024 aluminum alloy...Ch. 3 - Triangular and parabolic straight tins are...Ch. 3 - Two long copper rods of diameter D=10mm are...Ch. 3 - Circular copper rods of diameter D=1mm and length...Ch. 3 - During the initial stages of the growth of the...Ch. 3 - Consider two long, slender rods of the same...Ch. 3 - A 40-mm-long, 2-mm-diameter pin fin is fabricated...Ch. 3 - An experimental arrangement for measuring the...Ch. 3 - Finned passages are frequently formed between...Ch. 3 - The fin array of Problem 3.142 is commonly found...Ch. 3 - An isothermal silicon chip of width W=20mm on a...Ch. 3 - As seen in Problem 3.109, silicon carbide...Ch. 3 - A homeowner's wood stove is equipped with a top...Ch. 3 - Water is heated by submerging 50-mm-diameter,...Ch. 3 - As a means of enhancing heat transfer from...Ch. 3 - Consider design B of Problem 3.151. Over time....Ch. 3 - Determine the percentage increase in heat transfer...Ch. 3 - Aluminum fins of triangular profile are attached...Ch. 3 - An annular aluminum fin of rectangular profile is...Ch. 3 - Annular aluminum fins of rectangular profile are...Ch. 3 - It is proposed to air-cool the cylinders of a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.165PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.166PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.168PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.173PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.174PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.175PCh. 3 - A nanolaminated material is fabricated with an...
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