Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 24, Problem 19P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Biochemical and metabolic changes occur in hibernating bears and signaling pathways and regulations involved should be discussed.
Concept Introduction:
Hibernation is state of inactivity and metabolic depression under extreme conditions. It can be observed mostly in winter season. Hibernation is used to conserve energy when sufficient food is not available. To achieve this some animals decrease their metabolic rate and hence the body temperature. Before the hibernation period, animals need to store enough energy to pass the dormant period. Hibernating bears are capable of recycling proteins and urine without eating, drinking, urinating or defecating for entire winter season.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A plant breeder has developed a new frost-resistant variety of tomato that contains higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids than those found in standard tomato varieties. However, when temperatures climb above 95°F, this frost-resistant variety dies, whereas the standard variety continues to grow. Provide a likely explanation of the biochemical basis of increased tolerance to cold and increased susceptibility to heat of this new tomato variety.
Type VI glycogen storage disease (Hers disease) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by lack of
phosphorylase kinase in the liver.
In your own words describe how each of the following metabolic parameters/observations will be affected/unaffected in a person with Type VI GSD
(a) Blood glucose levels, after fasting (e.g. before breakfast).
(b) Blood glucose levels, immediately following a meal.
(c) Storage of glycogen in the liver and muscles.
(d) ATP concentration in the muscles
A strain of mice has been developed that lack the enzyme phosphorylase kinase. Yet, after strenuous exercise, the glycogen stores of a mouse of this strain are depleted. Explain how this depletion is possible.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 24 - Explaining the Stoichiometry of Fatty Acid...Ch. 24 - Tracing Carbon Atom Incorporation in Fatty Acids...Ch. 24 - Modeling the Regulation of AcetyI-CoA Carboxylase...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4PCh. 24 - Prob. 5PCh. 24 - Prob. 6PCh. 24 - Understanding the Stoichiometry of Cholesterol...Ch. 24 - Prob. 8PCh. 24 - Prob. 9PCh. 24 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 24 - Prob. 11PCh. 24 - Understanding the Mechanism of the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 13PCh. 24 - Understanding the Mechanism of the HMC-CoA...Ch. 24 - Prob. 15PCh. 24 - Prob. 16PCh. 24 - Prob. 17PCh. 24 - Prob. 18PCh. 24 - Prob. 19PCh. 24 - Prob. 20PCh. 24 - Prob. 21PCh. 24 - Prob. 22PCh. 24 - Prob. 23PCh. 24 - Prob. 24PCh. 24 - Prob. 25P
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Metformin is a commonly used treatment for type 2 diabetes. The active compound was isolated from the french lilac plant and was first used in the 1770s to treat individuals with excessive thirst and frequent urination (LaMoia & Shulman, 2020). Its exact mechanism of action is still under debate, but it ultimately works to lower blood glucose levels. Which of the following proposed mechanisms could explain how metformin works? O inhibits the function of liver glycogen synthase, an enzyme involved in glycogenesis O increases the release of glucagon by the pancreas O decreases gluconeogenesis in the liver O inhibits the breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissuearrow_forwardIngesting large amounts of glucose before a marathon might seem to be a good way of increasing the fuel stores. However, experienced runners do not ingest glucose before a race. What is the biochemical reason for their avoidance of this potential fuel? (Hint: Consider the effect of glucose ingestion on the level of insulin.)arrow_forwardWith the aid of diagrams and equations, explain the biochemical processes involved in each of the following, in named cells. Start by mentioning the purpose and site of securrence of each. Go in details please. (a) Glucose-alanine cycle. (b) Oxidative phosphorylation.arrow_forward
- Tumor cells, which tend to grow rapidly, typically express high levels of the glycolytic enzymes. Explain the advantage of high glycolytic flux for these cells.arrow_forwardHbA1c is used to monitor blood glucose levels because hemoglobin is the only protein in blood that is covalently modified by glucose. True False Insulin Glargine is a long-acting form of insulin that is synthesized with several D-amino acids that slow its proteolytic degradation and extend the half-life of the insulin Glargine molecule. True Falsearrow_forwardDiscuss the mechanism cells employ to create a concentration gradient to ensure continual uptake of glucose from the bloodstream. Illustrate and Correlate the major Metabolic Pathways that are discussed. Label each pathway.arrow_forward
- Researchers investigating the role of fat metabolism in diabetes generated PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) knockout mice. When fed a high fat diet, these mice did not gain extra adipose tissue or display significant weight gain. Explain why this is the case.arrow_forwardThe intracellular use of glucose and glycogen is tightly regulated at four points. To compare the regulation of glycolysis when oxygen is plentiful and when it is depleted, consider the utilization of glucose and glycogen by rabbit leg muscle in two physiological settings: a resting rabbit and a rabbit that saw its mortal enemy, the coyote, and is dashing to its burrow. For each setting determine the relative levels of the following metabolites: Metabolite Resting.rabbit Dashing rabbit AMP ( Select) [ Select ) ATP ( Select) ( Select ) Citrate [ Select) ( Select ) Acetyl-CoA [ Select } ( Select ) >arrow_forwardOne metabolic scenario that leads to insulin resistance is the elevation of the conccentration of free fatty acids in skeletal muscle cells. Would you expect increased activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferas (DGAT) to reduce or exacerbate the resistance? Explain.arrow_forward
- Protein Phosphatase 1: What overall effect does PP1 have on the storage or breakdown of glycogen? (1 point) How does PPI regulate the activity of its targets? (1 point) Which enzymes are its targets? (2 points) What activates it [hormone (pathway activator) and enzyme (immediate activator)]? (2 points) Hormone: Enzyme:arrow_forwardDescribe the biochemical alterations that result in type 2 diabetes.arrow_forwardInsulin resistance, as occurs in type 2 diabetes, may lead to increased ketone production and release into blood. Describe the biochemistry that links insulin resistance and ketone production. Compare the cellular energy (e.g. ATP) required and produced when glycogen is synthesize and hydrolyzed, respectively. Compare and contrast the mechanism of fatty acid synthase with translation. When young rats are placed on a totally fat acid free diet, they grow poorly, develop a scaly dermatitis, lose hair, and soon die these symptoms that can be prevented if plant material is included in the diet. Why?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning