Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanisms by which NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme should be explained using the active model for the enzyme.
Concept Introduction:
Cyclooxygenase enzyme catalyzes the biosynthesis of prostaglandins by catalyzing simultaneous oxidation and cyclization of arachidonic acid. Prostaglandin enhances inflammation in animal tissues. The first step in the synthesis of prostaglandin is bis-oxygenation of arachidonate to prostaglandin PGG2. Then it is reduced to PGH2in a peroxide reaction. Both above reactions are catalyzed by cyclooxygenase. This enzyme can be inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Examples for anti inflammatory drugs are Aspirin, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen and acetaminophen. There are two forms of cyclooxygenase. COX-1 carries normal physiological production of prostaglandins. COX-2 induced by cytokines, mitogens and endotoxins and produce prostaglandin in inflammation. Traditional NSAIDs inhibit both isozymes of the enzyme. But COX-2 selective inhibitors preferentially inhibit COX-2.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 24 Solutions
Biochemistry
- In own words, give 5 or more reasons why most of the clinical features of the diseases a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, and fumarase deficiency involve muscle and nerve tissue? and explain those reasons. Cite used references.arrow_forwardHeterozygotes for erythropoietic protoporphyria show only 20 to 30% residual ferrochelatase activity rather than the 50% that is normally expected for an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Provide a plausible explanation for this observation.arrow_forwardOne mechanism by which lead exerts its poisonous effect on enzymes can be stopped by chelation therapy with EDTA. Describe this type of lead poisoning and explain why it is reversible.arrow_forward
- What are the measures to inhibit the Maillard reaction in undesirable situations. please explain detailedarrow_forwardDescribe the biochemical alterations that result in type 2 diabetes.arrow_forwardName: Hendric Nduwuba DNP and Cellular Respiration Summary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLtRan2qFx0 Your assignment today is to summarize in two paragraphs (8 sentences total) the effects of dinitrophenol (DNP) on the human body. Make sure you explain what DNP is, the stages of cellular respiration, and how DNP alters the metabolism of the person using it (side effects). The following vocabulary terms need to be used: cellular respiration, adenosine triphosphate, and dinitrophenol (DNP). Your objective is to describe the role of ATP in cellular respiration in order to explain how DNP affects the rate of metabolism. The first paragraph is an introduction to the summary and the second paragraph is an explanation of the main idea. You will be graded on this criteria: main idea, explanation of cellular respiration, explanation of DNP, and paragraph structure.arrow_forward
- Discuss the metabolic rationale for phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP–dependent protein kinase (PKA).arrow_forwardPlease explain why the answer is correct and why the other options are incorrectarrow_forwardWithin the body, CoQ 10 can be found in an oxidized or reduced form (also known as ubiquinone and ubiquinol). Describe how these structures differ and the biochemical role of coenzyme Q10.arrow_forward
- Most individuals with genetic defects in oxidative phosphorylation are found to have relatively high concentrations of alanine in their blood. how this in biochemical terms? please help :)arrow_forwardAnswer for D, and E. The answers for A, B, and C are down below.arrow_forwardDiscuss the metabolic rationale for phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA).arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning