Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To determine the number of CO2 molecules formed during one turn of the citric acid cycle.
Concept introduction: Citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
(b)
Interpretation: To determine the number of FADH2 molecules formed during one turn of the citric acid cycle.
Concept introduction: Citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
Flavin adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms: oxidized form
(c)
Interpretation: To determine the number of times secondary alcohol is oxidized during one turn of the citric acid cycle.
Concept introduction: Citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
An overview of the citric acid cycle is as follows:
(d)
Interpretation: To determine the number of times water adds to carbon-carbon double bond during one turn of the citric acid cycle.
Concept introduction: Citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
An overview of the citric acid cycle is as follows:
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 23 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- How does the caloric value of fat compare with the caloric value of glycogen and starch?arrow_forwardList, by name, the four general stages of the process by which biochemical energy is obtained from food.arrow_forwardOrder the steps of the endogenous pathway starting with VLDL in the liver. Question 99 options: excess LDL taken up by receptors in the liver LDL circulates to deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells After a meal, VLDL in liver packaged with trigs and cholesterol and sent into circulation IDL transported to liver and broken down into LDL VLDL interacts with LPL to release its fatty acids. Becomes IDLarrow_forward
- ***In determining glucose concentration using a glucometer, the test involves an enzymatic reaction. What is the enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of glucose to gluconolactone? a. Glucose oxidase b. Glucose reductase c. Glucose synthetase d. Glucose peroxidasearrow_forwardRefer to the structure 1. The metabolic pathway is an example of a. Oxidative dealkylation b. Reduction c. Oxidative deamination d. Hydrolysis 2. This pathway is true for what kind of drugs a. Endogenous amides b. Endogenous amines c. Radical species d. Endogenous amino acidsarrow_forwardGlucose is the preferred energy source of the brain, Why?arrow_forward
- 6. An element used in the body in the form of ions or compounds. a. anabolism b. catabolism Oc. complete protein Od. complex carbohydrate e. macronutrient f. major mineral g. metabolism h. micronutrient Di. mineral Oj. mitochondria k. nutrition I. trace mineralarrow_forwardThe net result of the oxidation of one mole of an 18-carbon fatty acid will be a. 136 moles of ATP b. 166 moles of ATP c. 126 moles of ATP d. 146 moles of ATP e. 156 moles of ATParrow_forward25. Under anaerobic conditions, yeast produces and alcohol during alcoholic fermentation a. lactate b. CO2 c. glucose d. acetyl CoAarrow_forward
- What is meant by: 1. Fermentation 2. Enzymesarrow_forwardWhat is the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase? a. pyruvic acid b. water c. hydrogen d. coenzyme Aarrow_forwardGLYCOLYSIS: 1A) Starting with glucose (in the open-chain Fisher projection), draw out the molecular structures for each step of glycolysis. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 1B) What is the net reaction of glycolysis? CITRIC ACID CYCLE: 2A) Starting with acetyl-coenzymeA and oxaloacetate, draw out the molecular structures for each step of the citric acid cycle. For each step, include the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction. 2B) What is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH2 and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH₂ to O₂ during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is…arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry In FocusChemistryISBN:9781305084476Author:Tro, Nivaldo J., Neu, Don.Publisher:Cengage Learning