
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To identify the substances among malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate,
Concept introduction: There are a number of
Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent
The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.
The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:
The second class consists of
The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:
(b)
Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate,
Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.
Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.
The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.
The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:
The second class consists of
The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:
(c)
Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate,
Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.
Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.
The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.
The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:
The second class consists of
The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:
(d)
Interpretation: To identify the substances malate, oxaloacetate, fumarate,
Concept introduction: There are a number of metabolic reaction that occur in the human body for completion of functions. During these metabolic reactions, the various metabolic intermediates are formed for the short time to complete the reactions. Polyfunctional carboxylate ions are also the metabolic intermediate formed during metabolic pathways.
Polyfunctional carboxylate ions act as a substrate in the metabolic pathways and can be divided into two parts depending upon the parent carboxylic acid.
The first class consists of malate, oxaloacetate and fumarate ion which are derivative of succinic acid.
The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from succinic acid are as follows:
The second class consists of
The chemical structures for carboxylate ion derived from glutaric acid are as follows:

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Chapter 23 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
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- CHEMICAL KINETICS. One of the approximation methods for solving the rate equation is the steady-state approximation method. Explain what it consists of.arrow_forwardCHEMICAL KINETICS. One of the approximation methods for solving the rate equation is the limiting or determining step approximation method. Explain what it consists of.arrow_forwardCHEMICAL KINETICS. Indicate the approximation methods for solving the rate equation.arrow_forward
- TRANSMITTANCE เบบ Please identify the one structure below that is consistent with the 'H NMR and IR spectra shown and draw its complete structure in the box below with the protons alphabetically labeled as shown in the NMR spectrum and label the IR bands, including sp³C-H and sp2C-H stretch, indicated by the arrows. D 4000 OH LOH H₂C CH3 OH H₂C OCH3 CH3 OH 3000 2000 1500 HAVENUMBERI-11 1000 LOCH3 Draw your structure below and label its equivalent protons according to the peak labeling that is used in the NMR spectrum in order to assign the peaks. Integrals indicate number of equivalent protons. Splitting patterns are: s=singlet, d=doublet, m-multiplet 8 3Hb s m 1Hd s 3Hf m 2Hcd 2Had 1He 鄙视 m 7 7 6 5 4 3 22 500 T 1 0arrow_forwardRelative Transmittance 0.995 0.99 0.985 0.98 Please draw the structure that is consistent with all the spectral data below in the box and alphabetically label the equivalent protons in the structure (Ha, Hb, Hc ....) in order to assign all the proton NMR peaks. Label the absorption bands in the IR spectrum indicated by the arrows. INFRARED SPECTRUM 1 0.975 3000 2000 Wavenumber (cm-1) 1000 Structure with assigned H peaks 1 3 180 160 140 120 100 f1 (ppm) 80 60 40 20 0 C-13 NMR note that there are 4 peaks between 120-140ppm Integral values equal the number of equivalent protons 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 fl (ppm)arrow_forwardCalculate the pH of 0.0025 M phenol.arrow_forward
- In the following reaction, the OH- acts as which of these? NO2-(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ OH-(aq) + HNO2(aq)arrow_forwardUsing spectra attached, can the unknown be predicted? Draw the predicition. Please explain and provide steps. Molecular focrmula:C16H13ClOarrow_forwardCalculate the percent ionization for 0.0025 M phenol. Use the assumption to find [H3O+] first. K = 1.0 x 10-10arrow_forward
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