
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To identify the step of the citric acid cycle in that ATP-precursor-molecule generated is equivalent to 2.5 units of ATP.
Concept introduction: Citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
NADH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is employed as an oxidizing agent in various reactions like oxidation of secondary alcohol into a
(b)
Interpretation: To identify the step of the citric acid cycle in that ATP-precursor-molecule generated is equivalent to 1.5 units of ATP.
Concept introduction: Citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and
FADH2 is the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide. The main function of flavin adenine dinucleotide is to act as an oxidizing agent and used by the cell in oxidation reactions like oxidation of fatty acid.
(c)
Interpretation: To identify the step of the citric acid cycle in that ATP-precursor-molecule generated is equivalent to 1.0 units of ATP.
Concept introduction: Citric acid cycle is the third stage of the biochemical energy production process. The cycle includes the reactions in which the acetyl part of acetyl CoA is oxidized and leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and

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Chapter 23 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
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