The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated. Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule. To determine: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 22, Problem 8RQ

(I)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrate the formation alcohol by addition of water to an alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and which can be further oxidized to carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example illustrating the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.

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3. Consider the compounds below and determine if they are aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic. In case of aromatic or anti-aromatic, please indicate number of I electrons in the respective systems. (Hint: 1. Not all lone pair electrons were explicitly drawn and you should be able to tell that the bonding electrons and lone pair electrons should reside in which hybridized atomic orbital 2. You should consider ring strain- flexibility and steric repulsion that facilitates adoption of aromaticity or avoidance of anti- aromaticity) H H N N: NH2 N Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic TT electrons Me H Me Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic πT electrons H HH…

A chemistry graduate student is studying the rate of this reaction: 2 HI (g) →H2(g) +12(g) She fills a reaction vessel with HI and measures its concentration as the reaction proceeds: time (minutes) [IH] 0 0.800M 1.0 0.301 M 2.0 0.185 M 3.0 0.134M 4.0 0.105 M Use this data to answer the following questions. Write the rate law for this reaction. rate = 0 Calculate the value of the rate constant k. k = Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 22, Problem 8RQ

(I)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrate the formation alcohol by addition of water to an alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and which can be further oxidized to carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example illustrating the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 22, Problem 8RQ

(I)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrate the formation alcohol by addition of water to an alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and which can be further oxidized to carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example illustrating the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 22, Problem 8RQ

(I)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrate the formation alcohol by addition of water to an alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and which can be further oxidized to carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example illustrating the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 22, Problem 8RQ

(I)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrate the formation alcohol by addition of water to an alkene.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and which can be further oxidized to carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example illustrating the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 22, Problem 8RQ

(I)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 22, Problem 8RQ

(I)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

Answer 8

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrate the formation alcohol by addition of water to an alkene.

Answer 9

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrate the formation alcohol by addition of water to an alkene.

Answer 10

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and which can be further oxidized to carboxylic acid.

Answer 11

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and which can be further oxidized to carboxylic acid.

Answer 12

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.

Answer 13

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example that illustrates the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.

Answer 14

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example illustrating the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.

Answer 15

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The answers of various questions based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. They can be further classified as saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bond between atoms while unsaturated hydrocarbons contains double or triple bonds between the atoms of the molecule.

To determine: An example illustrating the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid.

Answer 16

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 17

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 22 - What is a hydrocarbon? What is the difference...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2RQ Ch. 22 - What are aromatic hydrocarbons? Benzene exhibits...Ch. 22 - Summarize the nomenclature rules for alkanes,...Ch. 22 - What functional group distinguishes each of the...Ch. 22 - Distinguish between isomerism and resonance....Ch. 22 - Prob. 7RQ Ch. 22 - Prob. 8RQ Ch. 22 - Prob. 9RQ Ch. 22 - Prob. 10RQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that substitution and addition reactions are distinguished based upon reactions in aliphatic and aromatic compounds.

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Chapter 22 Solutions