Chapter 22, Problem 78E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The monomers of the given polymers, their classification (condensation or addition polymers) and copolymers are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The polymers (repeating structural units) are derived from the simple and reactive molecules, called as monomers. Depending upon the mode of polymerization, polymerization mainly occurs by the addition and condensation polymerization reactions. Copolymers are defined as polymers in which repeating structural units are derived from two or more types of monomers.

Answer to Problem 78E

Answer

The monomer is vinyl fluoride. It is an addition polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 1.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The monomer of the given polymer.

The monomer is vinyl fluoride. It is an addition polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 1.

The structure of the monomer is,

Figure 1

The polymer contains a repeating chain of vinyl fluoride, which on adding polymerization forms a polymer known as polyvinyl fluoride. Hence, the monomer is vinyl fluoride.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The monomers of the given polymers, their classification (condensation or addition polymers) and copolymers are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The polymers (repeating structural units) are derived from the simple and reactive molecules, called as monomers. Depending upon the mode of polymerization, polymerization mainly occurs by the addition and condensation polymerization reactions. Copolymers are defined as polymers in which repeating structural units are derived from two or more types of monomers.

Answer to Problem 78E

Answer

The monomer is $\text{3-Hydroxy}\text{propionic}\text{acid}$. It is a condensation polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 2.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The monomer of the given polymer.

The monomer is $\text{3-Hydroxy}\text{propionic}\text{acid}$. It is a condensation polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 2.

The structure of the monomer is,

Figure 2

The polymer contains a repeating chain of $\text{3-Hydroxy}\text{propionic}\text{acid}$, which on adding polymerization forms a polymer. Hence, the monomer is $\text{3-Hydroxy}\text{propionic}\text{acid}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The monomers of the given polymers, their classification (condensation or addition polymers) and copolymers are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The polymers (repeating structural units) are derived from the simple and reactive molecules, called as monomers. Depending upon the mode of polymerization, polymerization mainly occurs by the addition and condensation polymerization reactions. Copolymers are defined as polymers in which repeating structural units are derived from two or more types of monomers.

Answer to Problem 78E

Answer

The monomers are $\text{ethane}\text{1,2-dicarboxylic}\text{acid}$ and $\text{ethane}\text{1,2-diamine}$. It is condensation polymer and co-polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 3.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The monomer of the given polymer.

The monomers are $\text{ethane}\text{1,2-dicarboxylic}\text{acid}$ and $\text{ethylene}\text{1,2-diamine}$. It is condensation polymer and co-polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 3.

The structures of the monomers are,

Figure 3

The polymer chain consists of the repeating units of ethane on which carboxylic group is present on carbon 1 and 2 respectively indicates that one monomer is $\text{ethane}\text{1,2-dicarboxylic}\text{acid}$ and the other monomer has amine group present on both the carbons of ethane indicating the presence of a monomer $\text{ethane}\text{1,2-diamine}$.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The monomers of the given polymers, their classification (condensation or addition polymers) and copolymers are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The polymers (repeating structural units) are derived from the simple and reactive molecules, called as monomers. Depending upon the mode of polymerization, polymerization mainly occurs by the addition and condensation polymerization reactions. Copolymers are defined as polymers in which repeating structural units are derived from two or more types of monomers.

Answer to Problem 78E

Answer

The monomer is $\text{α}\text{methylstyrene}$. It is an addition polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 4.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The monomer of the given polymer.

The monomer is $\text{α}\text{methylstyrene}$. It is an addition polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 4.

The structure of the monomer is,

Figure 4

The repeating unit of polymer has $\text{ethene}$, consisting of $\text{methyl}$ and phenyl group on $\text{α}$ carbon. When $\text{ethene}$ consist of an aromatic benzene ring on one of its carbon, the monomer is known as styrene. As it also contains methyl group also on its $\text{α}$ carbon. Hence, the monomer is $\text{α-methylstyrene}$.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The monomers of the given polymers, their classification (condensation or addition polymers) and copolymers are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The polymers (repeating structural units) are derived from the simple and reactive molecules, called as monomers. Depending upon the mode of polymerization, polymerization mainly occurs by the addition and condensation polymerization reactions. Copolymers are defined as polymers in which repeating structural units are derived from two or more types of monomers.

Answer to Problem 78E

Answer

The monomer is $\text{β-methylstyrene}$. It is an addition polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 5.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The monomer of the given polymer.

The monomer is $\text{β-methylstyrene}$. It is an addition polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 5.

The structure of the monomer is,

Figure 5

The repeating unit of polymer has $\text{ethene}$, consisting of $\text{methyl}$ and phenyl group on $\text{β}$ carbon. When $\text{ethene}$ consist of an aromatic benzene ring on one of its carbon, the monomer is known as styrene. As it also contains methyl group also on its $\text{β}$ carbon. Hence, the monomer is $\text{β-methylstyrene}$.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The monomers of the given polymers, their classification (condensation or addition polymers) and copolymers are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The polymers (repeating structural units) are derived from the simple and reactive molecules, called as monomers. Depending upon the mode of polymerization, polymerization mainly occurs by the addition and condensation polymerization reactions. Copolymers are defined as polymers in which repeating structural units are derived from two or more types of monomers.

Answer to Problem 78E

Answer

The monomer are $\text{dimethyl}\text{tetrephthalate}$ and $\text{1,4-di}\left(\text{hydroxymethyl}\right)\text{cyclohexane}$. It is a condensation polymer and co-polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 6.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

To determine: The monomer of the given polymer.

The monomer are and $\text{1,4-di}\left(\text{hydroxymethyl}\right)\text{cyclohexane}$ and $\text{dimethyl}\text{tetrephthalate}$. It is a condensation polymer and co-polymer whose structure is shown in Figure 6.

The structures of the monomers are,

Figure 6

DMT is an organic compound. It is the diester formed from $\text{terephthalic}\text{acid}$ and methanol. The polymer chain consists of benzene ring. To the benzene ring ester group on carbon one and four attached indicates the presence of monomer DMT and other monomer is Cyclohexane which consists $\text{hydroxymethyl}$ group on carbon one and four respectively indicates the presence of monomer $\text{1,4-di}\left(\text{hydroxymethyl}\right)\text{cyclohexane}$.