Chapter 22, Problem 72A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structures of all the possible monohalogenation products formed after reaction of pentane and ${\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In organic compounds, isomers are compounds with same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of pentane with ${\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$ to form monohalogenation product is represented as follows:

Now, there are different positions where Cl atom can attached. The other possible structures are as follows:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Concept introduction:

In organic compounds, isomers are compounds with same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. For example, alcohol group will have suffix −ol, aldehyde will have suffix −al. If there is no functional group the suffix will be −ane. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction of pentane with ${\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$ to form dihalogenation product is represented as follows:

Now, there are different positions where Cl atom can attached. The other possible structures are as follows: