Chapter 22, Problem 71A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of organic compound with 4 carbon atoms and an ester group needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. For example, alcohol group will have suffix −ol, aldehyde will have suffix −al. If there is no functional group the suffix will be −ane. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

According to the question, there are 4 carbon atoms in the main chain. Also, there is an ester group. The general formula of an ester is $R-COO{R}^{\text{'}}$.

Now, if there are 4 carbon atoms in the main chain, the structure of compound will be:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of organic compound with 4 carbon atoms and an aldehyde group needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. For example, alcohol group will have suffix −ol, aldehyde will have suffix −al. If there is no functional group the suffix will be −ane. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

According to the question, there are 4 carbon atoms in the main chain. Also, there is an aldehyde group. The general formula of an aldehyde is $\text{H}/\text{R}-\text{CHO}$.

Now, if there are 4 carbon atoms in the main chain, the structure of compound will be:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of organic compound with 4 carbon atoms and an ether group needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. For example, alcohol group will have suffix −ol, aldehyde will have suffix −al. If there is no functional group the suffix will be −ane. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

According to the question, there are 4 carbon atoms in the main chain. Also, there is an ether group. The general formula of ether is $R-\text{O}-R^{\text{'}}$

Now, if there are 4 carbon atoms in the main chain, the structure of compound will be:

The other possible structure is as follows:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of organic compound with 4 carbon atoms and an alcohol group needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. For example, alcohol group will have suffix −ol, aldehyde will have suffix −al. If there is no functional group the suffix will be −ane. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

According to the question, there are 4 carbon atoms in the main chain. Also, there is an alcohol group. The general formula of alcohol is $R-\text{OH}$

Now, if there are 4 carbon atoms in the main chain, the structure of compound will be:

or

The other possible structure is as follows: