Chapter 22, Problem 63A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name of the organic compound formed by elimination from an alcohol needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a substitution reaction, one functional group is replaced by other functional group. In addition reaction, two reactants simply add to form a single product. In condensation reaction, addition of two reactants takes place after removal of water molecule. The elimination reaction results when removal of two substituent groups takes place from a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

Alcohol undergoes elimination reaction to form alkene. The reaction takes place in the presence of an acid.

For example:

In the above reaction, ethanol reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to form alkene and water.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The name of the organic compound formed by addition of hydrogen chloride to an alkene needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a substitution reaction, one functional group is replaced by other functional group. In addition reaction, two reactants simply add to form a single product. In condensation reaction, addition of two reactants takes place after removal of water molecule. The elimination reaction results when removal of two substituent groups takes place from a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The addition reaction of hydrogen chloride to alkene results in the formation of alkyl halide or alkyl chloride.

For example:

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The name of the organic compound formed by addition of water to an alkene needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a substitution reaction, one functional group is replaced by other functional group. In addition reaction, two reactants simply add to form a single product. In condensation reaction, addition of two reactants takes place after removal of water molecule. The elimination reaction results when removal of two substituent groups takes place from a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The addition of water to alkene in the presence of an acid results in the formation of an alcohol. This is known as hydration of an alkene.

For example:

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The name of the organic compound formed by substitution of a hydroxyl group for a halogen atom needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

In a substitution reaction, one functional group is replaced by other functional group. In addition reaction, two reactants simply add to form a single product. In condensation reaction, addition of two reactants takes place after removal of water molecule. The elimination reaction results when removal of two substituent groups takes place from a molecule.

Explanation of Solution

The substitution of hydroxyl group for a halogen atom results in the formation of an alkyl halide from an alcohol. This results in the formation of water molecule as a byproduct.