Chapter 22, Problem 35A

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the structural isomer needs to be determined which can be formed by changing the position of one or more halogen atom in the 2-chrolopentane.

Concept introduction:

Structural isomers have same number of atoms of element in the compounds but the position of groups is different. An alkyl halide has general formula R-X where X is a halogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of 2-chloropentane is represented as follows:

Now, the isomer can be formed by changing the position of chlorine atom as follows:

This is known as 3-chloropentane.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the structural isomer needs to be determined which can be formed by changing the position of one or more halogen atom in the 1, 1-difluoropropane.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of 1, 1-difluoropropane is represented as follows:

Now, the isomer can be formed by changing the position of fluorine atom as follows:

This is known as 1, 2-difluoropropane.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the structural isomer needs to be determined which can be formed by changing the position of one or more halogen atom in the 1, 3-dibromocyclopentane.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of 1, 3-dibromocyclopentane is represented as follows:

Now, the isomer can be formed by changing the position of bromine atom as follows:

This is known as 1, 2-dibromocyclopentane.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The name of the structural isomer needs to be determined which can be formed by changing the position of one or more halogen atom in the 1-bromo-2-chloroethane.

Concept introduction:

The organic compounds generally contain carbon atoms. The naming of organic compounds is done by considering three main terms which are prefix, suffix and the root name. The longest chain in the compound is first identified and named that will be the root name for the compound. For example, if there are 3 carbon atoms in the longest chain, the root name will be “prop”. To determine the suffix, functional group should be identified. In the last step, side groups are identified and named. Prefix is used to give number of side groups and substituent’s present on the main carbon chain.

Explanation of Solution

The structure of 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is represented as follows:

Now, the isomer can be formed by changing the position of bromine or chlorine atom as follows:

This is known as 1-bromo-1-chloroethane.