Chapter 22, Problem 59A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether nylon is formed via addition or condensation polymerization needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The monomer units combined together to form polymer in the polymerization reaction. There are two types: addition and condensation polymerization.

In addition polymerization, two monomer units add together without release of any side product. In condensation polymerization, addition of two monomer units takes place with release of side product.

Explanation of Solution

The given polymer is nylon.

The formation of polymer is represented as follows:

From the above equation, it is formed by two monomers adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine. This results in the removal of water thus, it is a condensation polymerization.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether polyacrylonitrile is formed via addition or condensation polymerization needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The monomer units combined together to form polymer in the polymerization reaction. There are two types: addition and condensation polymerization.

In addition polymerization, two monomer units add together without release of any side product. In condensation polymerization, addition of two monomer units takes place with release of side product.

Explanation of Solution

The given polymer is as follows:

The formation of polymer is represented as follows:

From the above reaction, acrylonitrile is the monomer which undergoes free radical polymerization to form polyacrylonitrile. This is an addition polymerization.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether polyurethane is formed via addition or condensation polymerization needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The monomer units combined together to form polymer in the polymerization reaction. There are two types: addition and condensation polymerization.

In addition polymerization, two monomer units add together without release of any side product. In condensation polymerization, addition of two monomer units takes place with release of side product.

Explanation of Solution

The given polymer is as follows:

The formation of polymer is represented as follows:

From the above reaction, it is formed by condensation polymerization of polyol (alcohol containing more than 2 hydroxyl groups which are reactive) and diisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst.

This is not a condensation polymerization because no molecule is lost thus, it is an addition polymerization.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether polypropylene is formed via addition or condensation polymerization needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The monomer units combined together to form polymer in the polymerization reaction. There are two types: addition and condensation polymerization.

In addition polymerization, two monomer units add together without release of any side product. In condensation polymerization, addition of two monomer units takes place with release of side product.

Explanation of Solution

The given polymer is as follows:

The formation of polypropylene is represented as follows:

From the above reaction, the above polymer is formed from propylene via addition polymerization.