(a)
Interpretation: The four structures having same physical properties like boiling point, melting point, density etc needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : Cis-trans isomerism is also known as Configurational or geometrical isomerism. The prefixes cis and trans are Latin words in which ‘‘cis’’ represents ‘‘this side of’’ and ‘‘trans’’ represents ‘‘the other side’’. This type of isomerism occurs in unsaturated compounds (i.e. double bonds) or cyclic compounds depending on the presence of substituted groups in a molecule.
(b)
Interpretation: The structure from the given four structures which are trans isomers needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : Cis-trans isomerism is also known as Configurational or geometrical isomerism. The prefixes cis and trans are Latin words in which ‘‘cis’’ represents ‘‘this side of’’ and ‘‘trans’’ represents ‘‘the other side’’. This type of isomerism occurs in unsaturated compounds (i.e. double bonds) or cyclic compounds depending on the presence of substituted groups in a molecule.
(c)
Interpretation: The structures which do not possess cis-trans isomerism needs to be determined.
Concept Introduction : Cis-trans isomerism is also known as configurational or geometrical isomerism. The prefixes cis and trans are Latin words in which ‘‘cis’’ represents ‘‘this side of’’ and ‘‘trans’’ represents ‘‘the other side’’. This type of isomerism occurs in unsaturated compounds (i.e. double bonds) or cyclic compounds depending on the presence of substituted groups in a molecule.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemical Principles
- Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.arrow_forwardWrite the condensed structures of both isomers with the formula C2H6O. Label the functional group of each isomer.arrow_forwarda. Which of the following statements concerning structural isomerism is/are INCORRECT?(1) Structural isomers are mirror images of one another.(2) Structural isomers containing the same functional group have similar chemical properties.(3) A pair of structural isomers which are present in different amounts can rotate the plane of polarized light.A. (1) and (2) onlyB. (1) and (3) onlyC. (2) and (3) onlyD. (1), (2) and (3) b. Which of the following statements is/are correct?(1) Two organic compounds with the same general formula must belong to the same homologous series.(2) Two organic compounds with one of the functional groups the same must belong to the same homologous series.(3) Two organic compounds with the molecular mass differing by 14 must belong to the same homologousseries.A. (1) onlyB. (2) onlyC. (1) and (3) onlyD. (2) and (3) onlyarrow_forward
- 13. Ethylethanoate and butanoic acid can be classified as A. positional isomers B. chain isomers C. functional isomers D. stereoisomers 14. Which of the following pairs are positional isomers A. trans-1,4-dichlorocyclohexane, cis-1,3-dichlorocyclopentane B. trans 1,4-dichlorocyclohexane, cis-1,4-dichlorocyclohexane C. 2-pentanol, Cyclopentanol D. 1,2-cycohexanediol, 1,3-cycohexanediol 15. Which of the following compounds will have zero dipole moment? A. cis-1,2-dibromoethylene B. 1,1-dibromoethylene C. trans-1,2-dibromoethylene D. all of these 16. Which of the following is not aromatic: A. cyclopentadienyl cation B. cyclopentadienyl anion C. Cyclopropenyl cation D. Cycloheptatrienyl cation 17. Which of the following compounds containing lone pair has the least tendency to donate its electrons? A. the lone pair in pyridine B. the lone pair in furan C. the lone pair in pyrole D. the lone pair in thiophenearrow_forward1. Describe how geometric isomers are different from structural isomers. 2. Why is it possible for alkenes and cylcoalkanes to have cis-trans isomers but not alkanes? 3. How are cis-trans isomers shown in diagrams?arrow_forwardALKENES 1. Compound A, C4H8, has two structural isomers, B and C. Both B and C decolourise bromine dissolved in dichloromethane. B does not exhibit cis-trans isomerism but C does. a) Draw the possible structures of B and C and name them. b) Describe another chemical test to distinguish between B and butane. Write equations and observations involved. c) A has another structural isomer, D, that does not decolourise bromine in dichloromethane when being placed in the dark room. Suggest a structure for D. Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- 1. a. Draw and name the five cycloalkane structures of formula C5H10. Can any of these structures give rise to geometric (cis-trans) isomerism? If so, show the cis and trans stereoisomers. b. Draw and name the eight cycloalkane structures of formula C6H12 that do not show geometric isomerism. c. Draw and name the four cycloalkanes of formula C6H12 that do have cis-trans isomers. 2. Each of the following descriptions applies to more than one alkane. In each case, draw and name two structures that match the description. (a) an isopropylheptane (b) a diethyldecane (c) a cis-diethylcyclohexane (d) a trans-dihalocyclopentane (e) a (2,3-dimethylpentyl)cycloalkane (f) a bicyclononane 3. 2. refer to the photo attached and answer the ff.3-33, 3-34arrow_forward5. Choose the incorrect option regarding Isomerism:A. They differ in both physical and chemical propertiesB. They have different molecular formula C. Chain isomers differ in the arrangement of their skeletonD. They have the same molecular formulaarrow_forwardcompounds systematically? 2. Identifyctional group, parent name, and substituents of the following compou a) Ethyl alcohol; b) 1-butyne; c) Butylcyclohexane; d) 3-cyclopropyl-4-ethylheptar 3. Write all functional group isomers of the following compounds,arrow_forward
- Which statement of the following is false A. Alkenes are also referred to as olefins. B. Cyclohexene has the general formula C„H2n-2 O C. (E) isomers are the same / identical to cis isomers D. The alkene C atoms are SP2 hybridized and have a bond angle of 120° E. Alkynes react slower than alkenes in addition reactionsarrow_forward1. Draw the constitutional isomers of the molecular formula C6H14 and name each using IUPAC system. A. Which one gives two and only two monobromo derivatives when it reacts with Br2 and light? Name the products using IUPAC system B. Which give three and only three monobromo products? Name the products, using the IUPAC system.arrow_forwardWhich organic chemical pair(s) is/are constitutional isomers? А B Darrow_forward
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