The reagent is to be shown for the given reaction. Concept introduction: Williamson Ether Synthesis : Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis. Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis . Nitronium ion ( NO 2 + ) is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion ( NO 2 + ) is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile. Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H 2 in the presence of a transition Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol. Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH 4 which provides alcohol.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent is to be shown for the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion (NO2+) is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion (NO2+) is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H₂ in the presence of a transition

Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol.

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

(C)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule. Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

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a. The change in the Gibbs energy of a certain constant pressure process is found to fit the expression: AG-85.1 J mol −1 +36.5 J mol ¹K-1 × T A. Calculate the value of AS for the process. B. Next, use the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation: (a(AG/T)) ΔΗ - T2 to calculate the value of AH for the process.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent is to be shown for the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion (NO2+) is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion (NO2+) is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H₂ in the presence of a transition

Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol.

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

(C)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule. Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent is to be shown for the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion (NO2+) is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion (NO2+) is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H₂ in the presence of a transition

Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol.

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

(C)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule. Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent is to be shown for the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion (NO2+) is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion (NO2+) is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H₂ in the presence of a transition

Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol.

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

(C)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule. Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent is to be shown for the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion (NO2+) is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion (NO2+) is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H₂ in the presence of a transition

Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol.

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

(C)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule. Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent is to be shown for the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion (NO2+) is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion (NO2+) is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H₂ in the presence of a transition

Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol.

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent is to be shown for the given reaction.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Nitration: The formation of nitro group in a chemical reaction and it undergoes substitution reaction in organic synthesis. Nitronium ion (NO2+) is forming by the reaction of mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, Nitronium ion (NO2+) is also called as nitryl cation, which is stronger electrophile.

Hydrogenolysis: Amine or alcohol reaction with H₂ in the presence of a transition

Metal catalyst gives the corresponding amine or alcohol.

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Answer 10

(C)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

Answer 11

(C)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule. Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule. Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 21.2 - Construct a Frost circle for a planar...Ch. 21.2 - Which compound gives a signal in the 1H-NMR...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21.4 - Arrange these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. AQ Ch. 21.4 - Prob. BQ Ch. 21.4 - Prob. CQ Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 21.7P

Solution Summary: The author explains the chemical logic for the protection of phenol using benzyl group.

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

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Chapter 21 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains the chemical logic for the protection of phenol using benzyl group.

Interpretation: The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group. Concept introduction: Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Interpretation: The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 21 Solutions

Interpretation:

The chemical logic has to be described for the protecting of phenol using benzyl group.

Concept introduction:

Williamson Ether Synthesis: Alcohols reacts with alkyl halide forms ether is called Williamson ether synthesis.

Interpretation:

The structural relationship between Carbuterol and ephedrine has to be proposed.