Chapter 21, Problem 21.62P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde to compound A has to be shown.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and experiment condition is to be given for the conversion of A to B.

Concept introduction:

Diol is to protect the ketone and aldehyde (carbonyl group). In this reaction acetone is protected as acetal by using ethylene glycol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the conversion of B to C is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Wittig Reaction: It is an organic reaction where an aldehyde or a ketone gets converted to epoxide by replacing carbonyl group. A sulfur ylide is used for this conversion.  It is a neutral molecule where positively charged sulfur is attached to a negatively charged carbon atom.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and experiment condition is to be given for the conversion of C to D.

Concept introduction:

Amines reaction with epoxide gives ring opening product.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and experiment condition is to be given for the conversion of D to albuterol.

Concept introduction:

Diol is to protect the ketone and aldehyde (carbonyl group). In this reaction acetone is protected as acetal by using ethylene glycol.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Chiral:

A molecule is non superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral molecule.  Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.