Chapter 20, Problem 20.100SP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Oxidation state and identity of M has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Coordination compounds: The compounds having coordination covalent bonds which form when metal ions react with polar molecules or anions.

Oxidation number: The total number of electrons in an atom after losing or gaining electrons to make a bond with another atom. It indicates the charge of an ion.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The valence bond description of bonding using orbital diagrams in each complex has to be interpreted.

Concept Introduction:

Coordination compounds: The compounds having coordination covalent bonds which form when metal ions react with polar molecules or anions.

Ligands: The ions or molecules that forms coordination covalent bond with metal ions in a coordination compound. Ligands should have minimum one lone pair of electron, where it donates two electrons to the metal. Metal atom accepts the electron pair from a ligand forming a coordination bond.

$Monodentate$ Ligand is ligand which donates only one pair of electrons to form bond with metal. It only makes one bond with metal. Polydentate ligand forms two or more coordination bond with metal ions to form a complex.

The strong-field ligands results in pairing of electrons present in the complex and leads to diamagnetic species , while the low-field ligand do not have tendency to pair up the electrons therefore forms paramagnetic species.

Ligand field theory: It is used to explain the bonding between metal and ligand in a coordination complex. Ligand field theory is explained in terms of electrostatic interaction of between metal ion and ligands.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The complex ${\left[\text{M}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_4\right]}^{-}$ more likely to exist has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Coordination compounds: The compounds having coordination covalent bonds which form when metal ions react with polar molecules or anions.

Oxidation number: The total number of electrons in an atom after losing or gaining electrons to make a bond with another atom. It indicates the charge of an ion.

$Monodentate$ Ligand is ligand which donates only one pair of electrons to form bond with metal. It only makes one bond with metal. Polydentate ligand forms two or more coordination bond with metal ions to form a complex.

The strong-field ligands results in pairing of electrons present in the complex and leads to diamagnetic species , while the low-field ligand do not have tendency to pair up the electrons therefore forms paramagnetic species.