Chapter 2, Problem 2C.16E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formal charges on each atom of two structures below have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The formal charge is the charge assigned on each atom irrespective of its electronegativity so that electrons are equally shared between the atoms. The formal charge on each atom in the Lewis structure can be calculated from the equation written as follows:

  $\text{Formal charge}=\left[V-L-\frac{1}{2}B\right]$

Here,

$V$ denotes valence electrons in free atom.

$L$ denotes electrons present as lone pairs.

$B$ denotes electrons present as bond pairs.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formal charges on the respective atom of two structures have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).