The orientation of sp 3 hybrid orbital has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by, Steric number = [ ( number of atoms bonded to the central atom ) + ( number of lone pairs on the central atom ) ] (1) The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows: Steric Number Type of Hybridisation 2 sp 3 sp 2 4 sp 3 5 sp 3 d 6 sp 3 d 2 The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows: Steric number Number of lone pairs Molecular geometry Bond angles 2 0 Linear 180 ° 3 0 1 Trigonal planar Bent 120 ° 4 0 1 2 Tetrahedral Trigonal pyramidal Bent 109.5 ° 5 0 1 2 3 Trigonal Bi-pyramidal See-Saw T-shaped Linear 90 ° ,120 ° , 180 ° 6 0 1 2 Octahedral Square pyramidal Square planar 90 ° , 180 °

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2F.1E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,

Steric number=[(number of atoms bonded to the central atom)+(number of lone pairs on the central atom)] (1)

The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows:

Steric NumberType of Hybridisation2sp3sp24sp35sp3d6sp3d2

The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows:

Steric numberNumber of lone pairsMolecular geometryBond angles20Linear180 °301Trigonal planarBent120 °4012TetrahedralTrigonal pyramidalBent109.5 °50123Trigonal Bi-pyramidalSee-SawT-shapedLinear90 °,120 °,180 °6012OctahedralSquare pyramidalSquare planar90 °,180 °

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2F.1E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,

Steric number=[(number of atoms bonded to the central atom)+(number of lone pairs on the central atom)] (1)

The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows:

Steric NumberType of Hybridisation2sp3sp24sp35sp3d6sp3d2

The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows:

Steric numberNumber of lone pairsMolecular geometryBond angles20Linear180 °301Trigonal planarBent120 °4012TetrahedralTrigonal pyramidalBent109.5 °50123Trigonal Bi-pyramidalSee-SawT-shapedLinear90 °,120 °,180 °6012OctahedralSquare pyramidalSquare planar90 °,180 °

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2F.1E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,

Steric number=[(number of atoms bonded to the central atom)+(number of lone pairs on the central atom)] (1)

The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows:

Steric NumberType of Hybridisation2sp3sp24sp35sp3d6sp3d2

The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows:

Steric numberNumber of lone pairsMolecular geometryBond angles20Linear180 °301Trigonal planarBent120 °4012TetrahedralTrigonal pyramidalBent109.5 °50123Trigonal Bi-pyramidalSee-SawT-shapedLinear90 °,120 °,180 °6012OctahedralSquare pyramidalSquare planar90 °,180 °

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 2F.1E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,

Steric number=[(number of atoms bonded to the central atom)+(number of lone pairs on the central atom)] (1)

The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows:

Steric NumberType of Hybridisation2sp3sp24sp35sp3d6sp3d2

The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows:

Steric numberNumber of lone pairsMolecular geometryBond angles20Linear180 °301Trigonal planarBent120 °4012TetrahedralTrigonal pyramidalBent109.5 °50123Trigonal Bi-pyramidalSee-SawT-shapedLinear90 °,120 °,180 °6012OctahedralSquare pyramidalSquare planar90 °,180 °

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 2F.1E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,

Steric number=[(number of atoms bonded to the central atom)+(number of lone pairs on the central atom)] (1)

The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows:

Steric NumberType of Hybridisation2sp3sp24sp35sp3d6sp3d2

The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows:

Steric numberNumber of lone pairsMolecular geometryBond angles20Linear180 °301Trigonal planarBent120 °4012TetrahedralTrigonal pyramidalBent109.5 °50123Trigonal Bi-pyramidalSee-SawT-shapedLinear90 °,120 °,180 °6012OctahedralSquare pyramidalSquare planar90 °,180 °

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 2F.1E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,

Steric number=[(number of atoms bonded to the central atom)+(number of lone pairs on the central atom)] (1)

The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows:

Steric NumberType of Hybridisation2sp3sp24sp35sp3d6sp3d2

The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows:

Steric numberNumber of lone pairsMolecular geometryBond angles20Linear180 °301Trigonal planarBent120 °4012TetrahedralTrigonal pyramidalBent109.5 °50123Trigonal Bi-pyramidalSee-SawT-shapedLinear90 °,120 °,180 °6012OctahedralSquare pyramidalSquare planar90 °,180 °

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 2F.1E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is calculated by the hybrid orbitals and to calculate hybrid orbitals we need to know the steric number that is given by,

Steric number=[(number of atoms bonded to the central atom)+(number of lone pairs on the central atom)] (1)

The table that relates the steric number with hybridization is as follows:

Steric NumberType of Hybridisation2sp3sp24sp35sp3d6sp3d2

The table that relates steric number with geometry and bond angles is as follows:

Steric numberNumber of lone pairsMolecular geometryBond angles20Linear180 °301Trigonal planarBent120 °4012TetrahedralTrigonal pyramidalBent109.5 °50123Trigonal Bi-pyramidalSee-SawT-shapedLinear90 °,120 °,180 °6012OctahedralSquare pyramidalSquare planar90 °,180 °

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 12

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 13

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.1AST Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.1BST Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.2AST Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.2BST Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.3AST Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.3BST Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.4AST Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.4BST Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.1E Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.2E

Solution Summary: The author explains that the orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Videos

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the orientation of sp3 hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Videos

Interpretation: The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

Interpretation: The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined. Concept Introduction: Refer to part (a).

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp hybrid orbital has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp3d2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Interpretation:

The orientation of sp2 hybrid orbital.has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).