Chapter 12, Problem 11STP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape and atomic arrangement of $AlC{l}_3$ and $PC{l}_3$ needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Shape of molecule can be explained by hybridization and valence electron of central atom.

Answer to Problem 11STP

The shape of $AlC{l}_3$ is trigonal planner while shape of $PC{l}_3$ is trigonal pyramidal. $AlC{l}_3$ has trigonal planner shape because it has $3$ bonded electrons and no unpaired electron left while $PC{l}_3$ has trigonal pyramidal shape because it has $3$ bonded pair of electrons and 1 lone pair of electron.

Explanation of Solution

In $AlC{l}_3,Al$ has $3$ valence electrons which bonds with $3$ chlorine atoms and no lone pair of electrons. In $PC{l}_3$, P have $5$ valence electrons in which 3 forms bond with 3 chlorine atoms and $1$ lone pair of electron is left. On the basic of availability of lone pair of electrons $AlC{l}_3$ have $s{p}^2$ and $PC{l}_3$ have $s{p}^3$ hybridization in molecule between the holding atoms.

Conclusion

$AlC{l}_3$ and $PC{l}_3$ have different hybridization and shape.