Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073380643
Author: Donald A. Neamen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies, The
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 3RQ
Describe an extrinsic semiconductor material. What is the electron concentration in terms of the donor impurity concentration? What is the hole concentration in terms of the acceptor impurity concentration?
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Take a diode formed by the junction of two type n and p semiconductors. In the figure below is the diagram of the energy bands of these semiconductors, (remember the concept of fermi energy, and knowing that for a pure semiconductor it is in the middle). Based on the figures below, answer
a) What is the possible current direction in the direction from p to n or from n to p?
b) Explain why the current flow occurs only in one direction.
When a pentavalent impurity is added to a pure semiconductor, it becomes
O a.
An insulator
O b. p-type semiconductor
O c. n-type semiconductor
Od.
An intrinsic semiconductor
ject
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a) What is n-type semiconductor materials? What are the majority
and the minority cariers?
b) What is p-type semiconductor materials? What are the majority
and the minority cariers?
c) What is depletion region of a p-n junction diode?
d) Describe in your own words the forward-bias and reverse-
bias conditions of a p-n junction diode.
e) Draw a Diode Symbol and label the anode and the cathode.
Si
Ge
2 ka
f) Find V, in the circuit shown in
+20 V
2 k2
15V
Fig.
Fuad Al-Mannai
EENG261
Page 1
Chapter 1 Solutions
Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design
Ch. 1 - Calculate the intrinsic carrier concentration in...Ch. 1 - (a) Calculate the majority and minority carrier...Ch. 1 - Consider ntype GaAs at T=300K doped to a...Ch. 1 - Consider silicon at T=300K . Assume the hole...Ch. 1 - Determine the intrinsic carrier concentration in...Ch. 1 - (a) Consider silicon at T=300K . Assume that...Ch. 1 - Using the results of TYU1.2, determine the drift...Ch. 1 - The electron and hole diffusion coefficients in...Ch. 1 - A sample of silicon at T=300K is doped to...Ch. 1 - (a) Calculate Vbi for a GaAs pn junction at T=300K...
Ch. 1 - A silicon pn junction at T=300K is doped at...Ch. 1 - (a) A silicon pn junction at T=300K has a...Ch. 1 - (a) Determine Vbi for a silicon pn junction at...Ch. 1 - A silicon pn junction diode at T=300K has a...Ch. 1 - Recall that the forwardbias diode voltage...Ch. 1 - Consider the circuit in Figure 1.28. Let VPS=4V ,...Ch. 1 - (a) Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1.28. Let...Ch. 1 - The resistor parameter in the circuit shown in...Ch. 1 - Consider the diode and circuit in Exercise EX 1.8....Ch. 1 - Consider the circuit in Figure 1.28. Let R=4k and...Ch. 1 - The power supply (input) voltage in the circuit of...Ch. 1 - (a) The circuit and diode parameters for the...Ch. 1 - Determine the diffusion conductance of a pn...Ch. 1 - Determine the smallsignal diffusion resistance of...Ch. 1 - The diffusion resistance of a pn junction diode at...Ch. 1 - A pn junction diode and a Schottky diode both have...Ch. 1 - Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1.45....Ch. 1 - Consider the circuit shown in Figure 1.46. The...Ch. 1 - A Zener diode has an equivalent series resistance...Ch. 1 - The resistor in the circuit shown in Figure 1.45...Ch. 1 - Describe an intrinsic semiconductor material. What...Ch. 1 - Describe the concept of an electron and a hole as...Ch. 1 - Describe an extrinsic semiconductor material. What...Ch. 1 - Describe the concepts of drift current and...Ch. 1 - How is a pn junction formed? What is meant by a...Ch. 1 - How is a junction capacitance created in a...Ch. 1 - Write the ideal diode currentvoltage relationship....Ch. 1 - Describe the iteration method of analysis and when...Ch. 1 - Describe the piecewise linear model of a diode and...Ch. 1 - Define a load line in a simple diode circuit.Ch. 1 - Under what conditions is the smallsignal model of...Ch. 1 - Describe the operation of a simple solar cell...Ch. 1 - How do the i characteristics of a Schottky barrier...Ch. 1 - What characteristic of a Zener diode is used in...Ch. 1 - Describe the characteristics of a photodiode and a...Ch. 1 - (a) Calculate the intrinsic carrier concentration...Ch. 1 - (a) The intrinsic carrier concentration in silicon...Ch. 1 - Calculate the intrinsic carrier concentration in...Ch. 1 - (a) Find the concentration of electrons and holes...Ch. 1 - Gallium arsenide is doped with acceptor impurity...Ch. 1 - Silicon is doped with 51016 arsenic atoms/cm3 ....Ch. 1 - (a) Calculate the concentration of electrons and...Ch. 1 - A silicon sample is fabricated such that the hole...Ch. 1 - The electron concentration in silicon at T=300K is...Ch. 1 - (a) A silicon semiconductor material is to be...Ch. 1 - (a) The applied electric field in ptype silicon is...Ch. 1 - A drift current density of 120A/cm2 is established...Ch. 1 - An ntype silicon material has a resistivity of...Ch. 1 - (a) The applied conductivity of a silicon material...Ch. 1 - In GaAs, the mobilities are n=8500cm2/Vs and...Ch. 1 - The electron and hole concentrations in a sample...Ch. 1 - The hole concentration in silicon is given by...Ch. 1 - GaAs is doped to Na=1017cm3 . (a) Calculate no and...Ch. 1 - (a) Determine the builtin potential barrier Vbi in...Ch. 1 - Consider a silicon pn junction. The nregion is...Ch. 1 - The donor concentration in the nregion of a...Ch. 1 - Consider a uniformly doped GaAs pn junction with...Ch. 1 - The zerobiased junction capacitance of a silicon...Ch. 1 - The zerobias capacitance of a silicon pn junction...Ch. 1 - The doping concentrations in a silicon pn junction...Ch. 1 - (a) At what reversebias voltage does the...Ch. 1 - (a) The reversesaturation current of a pn junction...Ch. 1 - (a) The reversesaturation current of a pn junction...Ch. 1 - A silicon pn junction diode has an emission...Ch. 1 - Plot log10ID versus VD over the range 0.1VD0.7V...Ch. 1 - (a) Consider a silicon pn junction diode operating...Ch. 1 - A pn junction diode has IS=2nA . (a) Determine the...Ch. 1 - The reversebias saturation current for a set of...Ch. 1 - A germanium pn junction has a diode current of...Ch. 1 - (a)The reversesaturation current of a gallium...Ch. 1 - The reversesaturation current of a silicon pn...Ch. 1 - A silicon pn junction diode has an applied...Ch. 1 - A pn junction diode is in series with a 1M...Ch. 1 - Consider the diode circuit shown in Figure P1.39....Ch. 1 - The diode in the circuit shown in Figure P1.40 has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.41PCh. 1 - (a) The reversesaturation current of each diode in...Ch. 1 - (a) Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.40....Ch. 1 - Consider the circuit shown in Figure P1.44....Ch. 1 - The cutin voltage of the diode shown in the...Ch. 1 - Find I and VO in each circuit shown in Figure...Ch. 1 - Repeat Problem 1.47 if the reversesaturation...Ch. 1 - (a) In the circuit Shown in Figure P1.49, find the...Ch. 1 - Assume each diode in the circuit shown in Figure...Ch. 1 - (a) Consider a pn junction diode biased at IDQ=1mA...Ch. 1 - Determine the smallsignal diffusion resistancefor...Ch. 1 - The diode in the circuit shown in Figure P1.53 is...Ch. 1 - The forwardbias currents in a pn junction diode...Ch. 1 - A pn junction diode and a Schottky diode have...Ch. 1 - The reversesaturation currents of a Schottky diode...Ch. 1 - Consider the Zener diode circuit shown in Figure...Ch. 1 - (a) The Zener diode in Figure P1.57 is ideal with...Ch. 1 - Consider the Zener diode circuit shown in Figure...Ch. 1 - The Output current of a pn junction diode used as...Ch. 1 - Using the currentvoltage characteristics of the...Ch. 1 - (a) Using the currentvoltage characteristics of...Ch. 1 - Use a computer simulation to generate the ideal...Ch. 1 - Use a computer simulation to find the diode...Ch. 1 - Design a diode circuit to produce the load line...Ch. 1 - Design a circuit to produce the characteristics...Ch. 1 - Design a circuit to produce the characteristics...Ch. 1 - Design a circuit to produce the characteristics...
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- Draw the characteristic curve of the standard PN-coupled semiconductor diode.Specify the correct and reverse polarity zones on the curve and draw the appropriate connection shapes.After mark the critical points on this curve and explain what these points mean.arrow_forwardWhich statement(s) is (are) true about a P-N junction: A. P-N junction consists of n-type and p-type semiconductor materials.B. Free electrons in n-type diffuse across junction to p-type.C. A depletion region formation happens due to electrons and holes moving away from each other due to the electric field.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? A. We can create an extrinsic semiconductor materials by adding impurities to an intrinsic semiconductors. B. A pentavalent impurity addition to an intrinsic semiconductor gives N-type semiconductor. C. N-type semiconductor has more holes than the free electrons that contribute to the conduction of current. D. The P-type semiconductors have more holes than the free electrons.arrow_forward
- A type of extrinsic semiconductor where an impurity atom with a valence of 5 is added as a substitutional impurity. Moreover the extra electron from the impurity atom can be easily removed to become free electron. A. n-type extrinsic semiconductor B. p-type extrinsic semiconductor C. intrinsic semiconductor Other:arrow_forward1- Explain briefly with figure if exist, the Degenerate semiconductors. 2- When a diode is connected in a Reverse Bias condition, the overall result is a small ne current. Why?arrow_forwardProblem 1. Define doping. 2. What is the difference between a pentavalent atom and a trivalent atom? 3. What are other names for the pentavalent and trivalent atoms? 4. How is an n-type semiconductor formed? 5. How is a p-type semiconductor formed? 6. What is the majority carrier in an n-type semiconductor? 7. What is the majority carrier in a p-type semiconductor? 8. Describe forward bias of a diode.arrow_forward
- A noncontributory semiconductor has some holes in room temperature. What causes these holes?Please select one:a.Valuation electronsb.Dopingc.Free electronsd.Thermal energyarrow_forwardDiscuss in detail the formation of a conventional current in a semiconductor. Butress your submission with a suitable diagram, also indicate the direction of holes, electron and current.arrow_forwardIn a semiconductor, an energy gap concept is used to show the difference between …… .. Please choose one: a. the electrons of the nucleus and the valence electrons b. conduction band electrons and valence electrons c. the energies of the nucleus and the outer shell electrons D. free electrons with the energies of the nucleusarrow_forward
- 3. A metal contact to a n-type semiconductor can be considered as a p*-n junction with NA > ND. Draw an energy band diagram of the contact showing the Schottky barrier eoz and the depletion width d. Then draw the energy band diagram in forward and reverse biased conditions. Indicate how the +V or -V bias affects the contact potential and the depletion width. Explain how the bias changes the forward current due to the injection of electrons from the semiconductor into the metal, and the reverse current Io from the flow of metal free carriers into the semiconductor. Show that the rectifying behavior is just like that in a p-n junction.arrow_forwardAn addition of trivalent impurity to a semiconductor creates many a. Holes b. Free electrons c. Valence electrons d. Bound electrons A hole in a semiconductor is defined as a. A free electron b. The incomplete part of an electron pair bond C. A free proton d. A free neutron As the doping to a pure semiconductor increase, the bulk resistance of the semiconductor a. Remains the same b. Increases C. Decreases d. None of the abovearrow_forwardQUESTION 1 Provide an example each for a trivalent and pentavalent element. Describe the doping process of Silicon (Si) to obtain p-type and n-type semiconductor material. a) b) c) Explain forward bias and reverse bias conditions of an ideal p-n junction diode. Sketch the I-V characteristic of Si and Ge diode. Discuss why Si based semiconductor is move favored in production of solid state devices.arrow_forward
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