To identify transcriptional regulatory elements, reporters containing 100 base pairs ofPromoter Region DNA were tested in an expression system, where higher numbersindicate higher expression levels. The black boxes indicate the region mutated in eachreporter. Based on these results, where are the positive and negative regulatoryelements located?Reporter geneexpressionMutantPromoter Regionnumber-100-80-60-40-20+15104Positive: -40 to -10; Negative: -80 to -40Positive: -40 to -20; Negative: -70 to -60Positive: -70 to -60; Negative: -40 to -20Positive: -20 to -10; Negative: -80 to -70There are no positive or negative elements in the Promoter Region

Transcriptional regulatory elements are the genetic segments that act as the binding sites for…

Answered: To identify transcriptional regulatory…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Answer question 13
The extent to which a given gene is transcribe depends on 1. the particular combination of transcription factors bound to its upstream regulatory elements 2. The single transcription factor bound to its upstream regulatory elements 3. The particular combination of transcription factors bound to its downstream regulatory elements 4. The combination of translation factors bound to its upstream regulatory elements 5. The combination of initiation factors bound to the upstream regulatory elements
In eukaryotic cells, which of the following is typical of how transcription is regulated? Group of answer choices Activators and enhancers at sites distant from structural genes interact to increase or decrease transcription Regulatory genes are always tightly coupled in physical proximity to the structural genes they regulate There are only a few transcription factors that are functional in eukarya Attenuation, where translation and transcription are tightly coupled, is common.
A mutation in which of the following would still allow RNA polymerase to bind to promoters but would prevent the formation of an open complex? Question 4 options: TFIIB Mediator TFIIH TFIID TBP
An enhancer is surrounded by four genes (A, B, C, and D), as shown in the accompanying diagram. An insulator lies between gene C and gene D. On the basis of the positions of the genes, the enhancer, and the insulator, the transcription of which genes is most likely to be stimulated by the enhancer? Explain your reasoning.
Gal4 is a transcription factor that activates transcription of galactose metabolism genes in yeast. These genes are ‘turned on’ when yeast cells need to metabolize galactose. To identify promoter sequences necessary for regulation of transcription of GAL1, reporter gene fusions were made and introduced into yeast cells. Deletions of GAL1 promoter were cloned upstream of LacZ gene. β-Galactosidase activity was measured in presence of galactose. Shown below is a representation of the results obtained. In the diagrams below (not to scale!): • Construct 1 contains ~ 130bp of the promoter, which is predicted to have all the predicted/putative proximal promoter elements (indicated by the solid boxes) needed to regulate transcription of GAL1.• The stippled box is the core promoter.• The arrow represents the transcriptional start site for the reporter gene Lac Z• Number of + signs represents level of transcription• Star represents a mutation in DNA sequence at that location (few nucleotides…
In eukaryotes, transcription factor activators bind to their enhancer elements and interact with RNA polymerase only through mediators. O True O False
Promoters and enhancers are important regulatory sequences for many eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Which of the following characteristics do these different sequences have in common? 1.Understood by the cell as double-stranded DNA. 2.Mutations in their sequence may result in increased gene expression. 3.Contain binding sites for proteins. 4.Must be upstream of the gene they influence. 1 and 3 4 only 2 and 4 1,2 and 3
For the following gene, which type of regulatory sequence has likely been deleted in mutant 1? Explain your answer. Mutant # Deletion Region % Transcription 100% WT None 1-200 130% 250-400 100% 500-800 50% 4. 950-1100 0% 123
The bacterial operon (a set of co-expressed genes) shown below contains one promoter (green), two terminators (stop signs), and three genes (coloured boxes). If 100 units of the red gene product are expressed, how much of each of the blue gene products are made? 100 200 It depends
For the following situations of the conditions would it be yes or no?
Please describe the regulatory role of enhancers that binds to responsible regulators to activate the target gene at a given time and place through comparing different organisms according to the presence of regulatory sequences. regulatory promoter sequence bacteria FIGURE 19-1 The regulatory ele- ments of bacterial, yeast, and human genes. Illustrated is the increasing complex- ity of regulatory sequences from a simple bacterial gene controlled by a repressor to a human gene controlled by multiple activa- tors and repressors. In each case, a promoter is shown at the site where transcription is initiated. Although this is accurate for the bacterial case, in the eukaryotic examples, transcription initiates somewhat down- stream from where the transcription ma- chine binds (see Chapter 13). Some groups of regulatory binding sites in the human reg- ulatory sequences represent enhancers, as shown in one case. yeast human enhancer

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