amount of protein / amount of mRNA mineN/ ↑ A 10 ↑ B time (minutes) 20 Bacteria were grown in culture. At various time points, substances were added or removed from the culture medium. To assay the effects of the substances on operon gene expression samples of bacteria were collected at
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
RNA levels are shown by the solid line, while protein levels are represented by the dotted line. Bacterial proteins often never break down, however bacterial RNA molecules are extremely unstable and only persist for a few minutes. A protein function can only be removed by diluting the protein molecules when the cells proliferate. Consequently, RNA levels decrease before proteins. Transcription is the initial stage in the production of proteins, therefore when nutrients are added, the quantity of RNA is the first to increase.
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