Which of the following are ways in which transcriptional repressors can function in eukaryotes? (Mark all correct answers) Competition with an activator for binding to an enhancer Recruit co-repressors that prevent the RNA Pol II complex from binding the promoter Sequester activators outside of the nucleus Recruit co-repressors that cause heterochromatin formation

Q: Imagine that you are studying the promoters of genes in E. coli. You notice that genes that are…

A: Lac operon in E.coli. is negatively inducible operon. It has 3 structural genes - LacZ - encodes…

Q: What would be the likely phenotypic effect of a mutation in HOTAIR and prevented it from binding to…

A: HOTAIR (HOX antisense intergenic RNA) is a long non-coding RNAs with 6 exons and 2158 nucleotides…

Q: Label the diagram to explain how the ncRNA HOTAIR plays a role in gene expression. Nearby histones…

A: A long non-coding RNA (nc RNA) molecule is HOTAIR (HOX Transcript Antisense Intergenic RNA). A type…

Q: Debes et al recently described how aging in humans, mice, nematodes, and other eukaryotes is…

A: Mediator Proteins:Prediction: Overexpression of Mediator proteins would likely reduce…

Q: You are studying how gene transcription gets started in eukaryotes. Which of the following…

A: Transcription factors are protein molecules which bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene…

Q: Discuss the roles of histones in eukaryotic transcription. How might histones inhibit transcription,…

A: Histones are proteins that gather and design the DNA of eukaryotic cell cores into units called…

Q: Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in…

A: Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine deposits inside the…

Q: Some poisonous mushrooms in the genus Amanita have been mistaken for edible species. The names given…

A: Amanita contains powerful toxins that inhibit RNA polymerase II resulting in deficient protein…

Q: What has happened to the chromatin in the diagram? What regulatory proteins binds to what part of…

A: DNA is a double helical structure, which is wrapped around histones.  histones are proteins found in…

Q: A procedure called chromatin immunoprecipitation allows scientists to determine where a particular…

A: In molecular biology and genetics, the laboratory procedure known as chromatin immunoprecipitation…

Q: eukaryotes control transcription

A: Transcription in the eukaryotic cells is controlled by various ranges of regulation in which the…

Q: at deal about what aspects of gene expression typical to all organisms? Options:   higher order…

A: Mating types in yeast is switched over by the changes in MAT locus that occurs by the changes in…

Q: describe the 4 types of suppressors inducer, repressor, promoter, and operator.

A: In genetics, a silencer is a DNA sequence capable of binding transcription regulation factors,…

Q: Name the lambda promoters whose expression is regulated by the cro protein. For each promoter you…

A: CI represses cro and Cro represses cI. This is referred to as the double-negative feedback loop and…

Q: How are the actions of lac repressor and trp repressor similar and how are they different with…

A: Repressors are the proteins that binds to the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule and regulates the…

Q: What event in eukaryotes serves as the "trigger" for entering the elongation phase of transcription…

A: Transcription occurs in the three steps—initiation, elongation, and termination. The elongation…

Q: A control region was deletion mapped and shown to have three enhancers: A, B and C. Enhancer binding…

A: Transcription factors are usually the proteins that binds to the DNA either to activate the…

Q: What is the difference in how mediator works with activation vs. repression of transcription?

A: Transcription refers to the mechanism in which the genetic information in DNA is transferred by RNA…

Q: to that in humans. The molecule that is most similar in function to the bicoid and the molecule that…

A: Introduction Transcription is a process in central dogma where the DNA strand is transcribed into a…

Q: The figure below shows 6 genes that are differentially expressed based on their specific enhancers.…

A: Enhancers are the regulatory sequences in the DNA located farther away from the transcription start…

Q: Based on the information in Figure 12-6, how doesGal4 regulate four different GAL genes at the…

A: The gal operon is a prokaryotic operon that codes for galactose metabolism enzymes. Lactose…

Q: Describe the cis-acting elements that control tissue-specific transcription of eukaryotic…

A: Step 1 Transcription is the formation of RNA (ribonucleic acid) over the template of DNA…

Q: what prevents any enhancer on a chromosome from influencing any promoter for any gene anywhere on…

A: A promoter is a region on DNA to which the proteins that initiate transcription of a single RNA from…

Q: Most eukaryotic promoters have binding sites for several different transcription factors, and the…

A: In bioinformatics, incorporating preexisting route information into microarray data has become a…

Q: Identify the levels at which gene expression can be regulated in prokaryotes and eukaryot Which of…

A: The gene is a sequence of nucleotides that encode a specific protein. The gene expression is…

Q: c) You use chromatin immunoprecipitation to measure the location and amount of transcription factors…

A: Transcription factors are protein molecules which bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate gene…

Q: RNAP can access the lacZ promoter irrespective of whether CAP-CAMP is binding the CAP o True False

A: Lac operon is a set of structural genes regulated by a common promoter. It is found in bacteria.

Q: Mutations in bacterial promoters may increase or decrease the rate of gene transcription. Promoter…

A: The -10 site sequence in bacterial promoters is essential for RNA polymerase binding and…

Q: Does it need active form or inactive form of the repressor ? 3) What is role of RNA polymerase,…

A: An operon is defined as the collection of coordinately regulated genes . Q2Ans:In a negative control…

Q: Suppose MYC regulates gene X by recruiting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTS). Which of the following…

A: cis regulatory elements are regions of non coding DNA which regulate transcription of neighbouring…

Q: Some compounds called antiinducers bind to repressors such as the lac repressor and inhibit the…

A: Operon is a genetic regulatory system that is mainly found in bacteria and viruses. In this system,…

Q: What analogies can you draw between transcriptionaltrans-acting factors that activate gene…

A: Introduction Bacteria are common, largely free-living organisms that are often made up of only one…

Q: In bacteria, which sequences in the promoter does sigma protein recognize to establish a constant…

A: A promoter is the cis-acting and position-dependent DNA sequence that is necessary for efficient…

Q: An enhancer is surrounded by four genes (A, B, C, and D), as shown in the accompanying diagram. An…

A: Transcription is promoted by the short sequences of gene in the DNA. The transcriptional activator…

Q: A disease is caused by having no functional protein produced from the kip gene. An individual has…

A: Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence of an organism. Small changes, such as adding or…

Q: al4 is a transcription factor that activates transcription of galactose metabolism genes in yeast.…

A: Glycolysis is a primary source of energy in yeast, and glucose is by far the most favored carbon…

Q: In eukaryotes, transcription factor activators bind to their enhancer elements and interact with RNA…

A: Transcription factors These factors are responsible for the process of transcription. These proteins…

Q: If p63 can bind to the same promoter elements as p53, why would it be considered an inhibitor of…

A: Promoters are DNA sequences that function as a kind of "On" switch to start the biological process…

Q: A translocation mutation results in a silencer being inserted just upstream of the promoter of a…

A: When a repressor protein binds to the silencer region of DNA,  polymerase is prevented from…

Q: What are the two main components to activation of transcription via epigenetic mechanisms?

A: Transcription is the process of converting double-stranded DNA into single-stranded RNA with help of…

Q: What would be the effect on transcription if a mutation occurred in the gene that encodes GAL3, so…

A: Transcription is a very significant level of gene expression control in eukaryotes and needs various…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.