The eukaryotic chromosomes are linear DNA molecules with free 3'-OH and 5'-PO3- ends. DNA free ends are signals of double strand breaks, which are highlydetrimental for the cell. Using the diagram below as a reference, describe structurally how telomeres resolve this problem. Make sure to highlight the interactionsinvolved, the nature of the telomeric sequences and the correct nomenclature for the structure formed.G GTelomeric DNA5'тGCGGזזTTGGGGTTGG6GTTGGGGAACCCC AACCCCAACCCC AACCCCAACCCC.3'Non-telomericDNATTGGGG 3'TTGGGG5'AACCCCAACCCC AACCCCLL פפפ llככפפTT GGGGTTGGGGTTGGGGAACCCCAACCCCAACCCCvvככככllפכפפ The model below highlights the formation of condensates during transcription. Explain how such condensates can form and what their function may be.EnhancerUpstream DNATranscription factorTransient gene-bodycondensateDynamic promotercondensateElongation andRNA processingfactorsInitiationfactors andco-activatorsPol IIDownstream DNAPromoter

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The eukaryotic chromosomes are linear DNA molecules with free 3'-OH and 5'-PO3- ends. DNA free ends are signals of double strand breaks, which are highly detrimental for the cell. Using the diagram below as a reference, describe structurally how telomeres resolve this problem. Make sure to highlight the interactions involved, the nature of the telomeric sequences and the correct nomenclature for the structure formed. 5' Telomeric DNA TTGGGGTTGGGGTTGGGG 3' TGGGGז AACCCC AACCCCAACCCC AACCCCAACCCC Non-telomeric DNA TTGGGG 3' TGGזGG AACCCC. 5' AACCCC AACCCC TTGGGG TTGGGG TTGGGGTTGGGGTTGGGG AACCCCAACCCCAAC C AACCCC TGGGGז

The eukaryotic chromosomes are linear DNA molecules with free 3'-OH and 5'-PO3- ends. DNA free ends are signals of double strand breaks, which are highly detrimental for the cell. Using the diagram below as a reference, describe structurally how telomeres resolve this problem. Make sure to highlight the interactions involved, the nature of the telomeric sequences and the correct nomenclature for the structure formed. 5' Telomeric DNA TTGGGGTTGGGGTTGGGG 3' TGGGGז AACCCC AACCCCAACCCC AACCCCAACCCC Non-telomeric DNA TTGGGG 3' TGGזGG AACCCC. 5' AACCCC AACCCC TTGGGG TTGGGG TTGGGGTTGGGGTTGGGG AACCCCAACCCCAAC C AACCCC TGGGGז

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Liquid condensates may be a useful physico-chemical property of the overall transcription reaction. What components of the process of transcriptional initiation contribute to condensate formation around the transcriptional start site. Options: the concentration of proteins at the reaction site intrinsincally disordered regions of various subunits of Mediator and other activators the RNA that is synthesized a and b only a, b and c
State whether each of the following would be likely to (generally) increase or decrease the transcription of a nearby gene and why. HMT activity Inhibition of DMT activity HAT activity Inhibition of HDAC activity
Some transcription regulators bind to DNA andcause the double helix to bend at a sharp angle. Such“bending proteins” can affect the initiation of transcrip-tion without directly contacting any other protein. Can youdevise a plausible explanation for how such proteins mightwork to modulate transcription? Draw a diagram that illus-trates your explanation.
iestiðn Pre-initiation complex (PIC) is formed right before the initiation of genes, which of the following steps seemes to NOT help for the PIC formation? O TBP protein to recognize TATA box at promoter region O TFIIA to recognize the TAFS in TFIID O Enhancers to attract coactivators and activators O Silencers to attract repressor and corepressors
TRUE OR FALSEErrors in transcription can lead to silent mutations encoding the same amino acid or an altered protein that retains its functionality.
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Briefly name and explain five mechanisms by which transcription factors activate transcription, with specific reference to targets in the basal transcription complex
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Ignoring transcriptional methods, name two other "levels" aka methods a cell can use to ultimately control gene expression. Remember you are going to avoid mentioning things that affect transcription levels.
Describe transcriptional components in E. coli for each step of transcription, explain each subunit of RNA polymerase, promoter region, initiation stage, the reaction involved in elongation during RNA synthesis, any important proteins, and termination stage